Your inner monologue is where you tell yourself, "I don't want to get up yet," or "This is a tasty burger."
Aphasia from Ancient Greek means "without speech." Typically aphasia occurs after a stroke. Reduced blood flow or bleeding causes brain cells to start dying, but the neural transmitters signal the brain's neurons to keep firing, even as they starve from lack of oxygen. Any brain cells killed during this time can't come back.

Losing your inner monologue

The damage of aphasia tends to be in two brain areas, the Broca's area in the posterior left prefrontal cortex, and Wernicke's area, the posterior left temporal cortex.
<ul>
<li>In Brocha's aphasia, people have problems with fluency, mixing the order of the words, and ignoring grammar.</li>
<li>In Wernicke's aphasia, the language becomes confused or even nonsense. It can also limit fluency and word formation.</li>
<li>Global aphasia describes a severe loss of the ability to communicate or understand language.</li>
</ul>

The damage of aphasia

One of the effects of aphasia is losing the ability to talk with yourself. The inner monologue disappears, leaving you unable to process your own thoughts.
The ability to speak with oneself is vital for forming emotions, processing memories, and predicting the future. Internal silence can be described as a total loss of identity.

The relationship between language and the self

Higher consciousness can survive without an internal monologue. Some degree of recovery from aphasia is possible. The brain has a higher degree of neural plasticity than once understood.
Although language is part of personal identity, it doesn't define the self.

Recovery from aphasia

<h2 itemprop="alternativeHeadline">
						How a missing inner monologue affects the sense of self.					</h2><div>By Claire Cameron</div><div>
								November 19, 2015
			</div><UL><LI><a dir="ltr"> Sharing</a>

 </LI></UL><figure><img src="http://static.nautil.us/5907_5bcf8dd060e5ea0bff484b4a4127cb47.png" width="733" alt="31_Tinna-therapy-HERO" height="550"><figcaption dir="auto">SILENCE:Phillips participates in an aphasia communication workshop in Speechless, a documentary by Guillermo F. Flórez that profiles people with the condition.
Guillermo F. Flórez</figcaption></figure>What would you do if you lost your inner monologue? You know, the one where you tell yourself “I don’t want to get up yet,” or “This is one delicious burger.” That’s what happened to Tinna Geula Phillips.In 1997, Phillips suffered a massive stroke, which left her without the ability to communicate in any meaningful way. She went from being fluent in six different languages to virtually mute. “I cried inside, because I cannot communicate. My mom, others, Chinese! I don’t know. Is not communicate, nothing. I, six languages, gone!”Phillips has aphasia, from the Ancient Greek “without speech.” Typically, aphasia occurs after a stroke, which causes the brain to go “into a form of shock” according to aphasia specialist Robert Volin, who runs an aphasia speech therapy clinic at New York Medical College. First, reduced blood flow or bleeding causes brain cells to start dying off. Then a cascade of neural transmitters signal the brain’s neurons to keep firing, even as they slowly starve from a lack of oxygen. Any brain cells killed during this time, says Volin, “can’t come back. [They’re] just gone.”Between 25 and 40 percent of people who suffer a stroke will have aphasia. Damage tends to be in two brain areas: Broca’s area, in the posterior left prefrontal cortex, and Wernicke’s area, which is in the posterior left temporal cortex. In Brocha’s aphasia, people have problems with fluency, muddling the order of the words in a sentence, and disregarding grammar. Wernicke’s aphasia affects how much sense the speaker makes. Their language becomes confused, or even nonsense. It can also limit a person’s rhythm, impeding fluency and word formation.<img src="http://static.nautil.us/10374_16a4d8f9442ec82c5d390079cad8f194.png" alt="Sapolsky_TH-F1" width="314" height="177"><h4><a href="http://nautil.us/issue/40/Learning/a-mental-disease-by-any-other-name" data-trval="a-mental-disease-by-any-other-name" data-trlbl="foc_rec" data-tract="internal_art">A Mental Disease by Any Other Name</a></h4>By Susie Neilson
It starts without warning—or rather, the warnings are there, but your ability to detect them exists only in hindsight. First you’re sitting in the car with your son, then he tells you: “I cannot find my old self again.” You...<a href="http://nautil.us/issue/40/Learning/a-mental-disease-by-any-other-name" data-trval="a-mental-disease-by-any-other-name" data-trlbl="foc_rec" data-tract="internal_art" dir="ltr">READ MORE</a>
Phillips was diagnosed with global aphasia, which is the term used to describe a severe loss of the ability to communicate and comprehend language. For two years, she says, she was unsure whether she would ever recover the means to communicate, even in a limited sense. “One year, two year, nothing. Before, going to parties. Thirties, I learning English, English, English, going to parties gone. Now, 40s, I ask ‘Why 30s [gone by]?’ Very emotion. Is very hard.”<div class="embed-placeholder" data-type="vimeo" data-id="118439796"></div><figcaption dir="ltr">A clip from the documentary film Speechless.Guillermo F. Flórez</figcaption>But one of the most profound effects was losing the ability to speak with herself. Her inner monologue disappeared for several months, leaving her unable to process her own thoughts in what is considered a psychologically “normal” way. The ability to converse with one’s self, known as “self-talk,” or “inner speech,” is essential for conceptualizing our emotions, processing our memories, and for predicting the future. It is inherently associated with our sense of self.The relationship between language and the self is made clear in child development. As infants gain the ability to understand and use language, they also become more aware of themselves and their place in their environment. When infants don’t develop their language as expected, it is often a sign of a larger issue, such as autism spectrum disorder, which is also associated with a lack of self-awareness and sociability.Phillips is keenly aware of this connection, both as an aphasia sufferer, and as a parent: She has twin sons. “Ethan, Joshua, 1 year 10 months not talk. Many people have children 1 year 5 months talk, is very frustrating. My nanny is Moroccan, me is very hard, my husband is going to consulting and gone to 7.15 at night then one hour [they] go to sleep. I Tuesday Thursday going to toddlers, teachers told me is ok, is very good. Ethan, Joshua very good, communicate, talk.”<figure><img src="http://static.nautil.us/5906_6d96718a701f5bfba283bbdc71dfa5c4.png" width="733" alt="31_Tinna-therapy-BREAKER" height="412"><figcaption dir="auto">RECOVERY:Twin babies Ethan and Joshua Phillips are a testament to Phillips’ recouped identity after her diagnosis with aphasia, which she once thought would leave her unable to communicate for life.
Guillermo F. Flórez</figcaption></figure>Phillips is just one of three people with aphasia that documentary filmmaker Guillermo F. Flórez has profiled in a new film about the condition, Speechless. In it, Phillips describes her internal silence as a total loss of identity. Some research has even suggested that internal speech is necessary for higher consciousness. But American philosopher Jerry Fodor proposes an alternative idea, called the “Language of Thought” hypothesis. He argues that in addition to our consciously perceived internal monologues, we have a second internal language that is codified into the brain—a kind of “mentalese,” that we don’t consciously perceive.Fodor uses the analogy of a computer: There is the set of operations that occur when a particular binary sequence is executed, and there are coding languages that can be used to make those binary sequences. The brain, he argues, works in the same way: There is a base language that is tied to cognition and thought, and then there are other, developed languages that are used to express these thoughts. In this view, higher consciousness can survive even without an internal monologue.Phillips’ husband, Jeff, points out that no one else will ever appreciate how Phillips felt during that time. Other aphasia sufferers may describe their experience very differently, and have had very different outcomes. What is clear is that some degree of recovery is possible. Volin says that people such as Phillips really prove the fact that the adult brain has a far higher degree of neural plasticity than previously thought. Contrary to many expectations, Phillips’ life didn’t stop progressing after her stroke—she met her husband years after through online dating (her sister helped set her profile up). Another impossible dream, having children, has also since been fulfilled. Now, she feels defined by motherhood and family, not by her condition—an emotion Flórez manages to capture on screen. As wrapped up in personal identity as language is, for many, it doesn’t define the self.To find out more about Speechless and Flórez’s work, please visit <a href="http://www.speechlessdoc.com/" dir="ltr">speechlessdoc.com.</a>Claire Cameron is Nautilus’ social media &amp; news editor.This article originally appeared on our blog,&nbsp;<a href="http://nautil.us/blog" dir="ltr">Facts So Romantic</a>, in April 2015. <h2>
												Issue 030									</h2><h3>Identity</h3>

Silence:Phillips participates in an aphasia communication workshop in Speechless, a documentary by Guillermo F. Flórez that profiles&#8230;

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Personal Development

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Health

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Mental Health

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Communication

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Science & Nature

How a missing inner monologue affects the sense of self.

<ul><li><a dir="ltr">Sharing </a> </li> </ul>

W hat would you do if you lost your inner monologue? You know, the one where you tell yourself “I don’t want to get up yet,” or “This is one delicious burger.” That’s what happened to Tinna Geula Phillips.

In 1997, Phillips suffered a massive stroke, which left her without the ability to communicate in any meaningful way. She went from being fluent in six different languages to virtually mute. “I cried inside, because I cannot communicate. My mom, others, Chinese! I don’t know. Is not communicate, nothing. I, six languages, gone!”

Phillips has aphasia, from the Ancient Greek “without speech.” Typically, aphasia occurs after a stroke, which causes the brain to go “into a form of shock” according to aphasia specialist Robert Volin, who runs an aphasia speech therapy clinic at New York Medical College. First, reduced blood flow or bleeding causes brain cells to start dying off. Then a cascade of neural transmitters signal the brain’s neurons to keep firing, even as they slowly starve from a lack of oxygen. Any brain cells killed during this time, says Volin, “can’t come back. [They’re] just gone.”

Between 25 and 40 percent of people who suffer a stroke will have aphasia. Damage tends to be in two brain areas: Broca’s area, in the posterior left prefrontal cortex, and Wernicke’s area, which is in the posterior left temporal cortex. In Brocha’s aphasia, people have problems with fluency, muddling the order of the words in a sentence, and disregarding grammar. Wernicke’s aphasia affects how much sense the speaker makes. Their language becomes confused, or even nonsense. It can also limit a person’s rhythm, impeding fluency and word formation.

It starts without warning—or rather, the warnings are there, but your ability to detect them exists only in hindsight. First you’re sitting in the car with your son, then he tells you: “I cannot find my old self again.” You...<a data-tract="internal_art" data-trlbl="foc_rec" data-trval="a-mental-disease-by-any-other-name" dir="ltr" href="http://nautil.us/issue/40/Learning/a-mental-disease-by-any-other-name">READ MORE </a>

Phillips was diagnosed with global aphasia, which is the term used to describe a severe loss of the ability to communicate and comprehend language. For two years, she says, she was unsure whether she would ever recover the means to communicate, even in a limited sense. “One year, two year, nothing. Before, going to parties. Thirties, I learning English, English, English, going to parties gone. Now, 40s, I ask ‘Why 30s [gone by]?’ Very emotion. Is very hard.”

But one of the most profound effects was losing the ability to speak with herself. Her inner monologue disappeared for several months, leaving her unable to process her own thoughts in what is considered a psychologically “normal” way. The ability to converse with one’s self, known as “self-talk,” or “inner speech,” is essential for conceptualizing our emotions, processing our memories, and for predicting the future. It is inherently associated with our sense of self.

The relationship between language and the self is made clear in child development. As infants gain the ability to understand and use language, they also become more aware of themselves and their place in their environment. When infants don’t develop their language as expected, it is often a sign of a larger issue, such as autism spectrum disorder, which is also associated with a lack of self-awareness and sociability.

Phillips is keenly aware of this connection, both as an aphasia sufferer, and as a parent: She has twin sons. “Ethan, Joshua, 1 year 10 months not talk. Many people have children 1 year 5 months talk, is very frustrating. My nanny is Moroccan, me is very hard, my husband is going to consulting and gone to 7.15 at night then one hour [they] go to sleep. I Tuesday Thursday going to toddlers, teachers told me is ok, is very good. Ethan, Joshua very good, communicate, talk.”

Phillips is just one of three people with aphasia that documentary filmmaker Guillermo F. Flórez has profiled in a new film about the condition, Speechless . In it, Phillips describes her internal silence as a total loss of identity. Some research has even suggested that internal speech is necessary for higher consciousness. But American philosopher Jerry Fodor proposes an alternative idea, called the “Language of Thought” hypothesis. He argues that in addition to our consciously perceived internal monologues, we have a second internal language that is codified into the brain—a kind of “mentalese,” that we don’t consciously perceive.

Fodor uses the analogy of a computer: There is the set of operations that occur when a particular binary sequence is executed, and there are coding languages that can be used to make those binary sequences. The brain, he argues, works in the same way: There is a base language that is tied to cognition and thought, and then there are other, developed languages that are used to express these thoughts. In this view, higher consciousness can survive even without an internal monologue.

Phillips’ husband, Jeff, points out that no one else will ever appreciate how Phillips felt during that time. Other aphasia sufferers may describe their experience very differently, and have had very different outcomes. What is clear is that some degree of recovery is possible. Volin says that people such as Phillips really prove the fact that the adult brain has a far higher degree of neural plasticity than previously thought. Contrary to many expectations, Phillips’ life didn’t stop progressing after her stroke—she met her husband years after through online dating (her sister helped set her profile up). Another impossible dream, having children, has also since been fulfilled. Now, she feels defined by motherhood and family, not by her condition—an emotion Flórez manages to capture on screen. As wrapped up in personal identity as language is, for many, it doesn’t define the self.

To find out more about Speechlessand Flórez’s work, please visit <a dir="ltr" href="http://www.speechlessdoc.com/">speechlessdoc.com. </a>

Claire Cameron is Nautilus’ social media &amp; news editor.

This article originally appeared on our blog, <a dir="ltr" href="http://nautil.us/blog">Facts So Romantic </a>, in April 2015.

What Happens When You Can’t Talk to Yourself?

Losing your inner monologue

The damage of aphasia

The relationship between language and the self

Recovery from aphasia

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