At university, Jung proved to be a brilliant student, graduating in medicine and natural science.

His doctorate was on "the psychology and pathology of so-called occult phenomena." Here he laid the foundations for two key ideas:

• The unconscious contains part-personalities, called complexes.
• Most of the work of personality development is done at the unconscious level.

• Jung worked with Eugen Bleuler, the doctor who invented the word "schizophrenia."
• Jung developed the word association test of Francis Galton, the cousin of Charles Darwin.
• Jung had an electric personality. At university, he gave public talks. Women flocked to him before and after each of his lectures. Then a woman became his patient and, so rumored, his lover.
• Patients developing powerful feelings for their therapist was then new. Freud thought this transference was unhelpful. Later he thought it was the cornerstone of psychodynamic therapy.