Early Leaders of an Independent India incorrectly believed that ancient Hinduism and the Muslim efforts of a theocracy based on Islam, would both surrender to secularisation. In the US, as a varied and new culture, the efforts of science to promote a secular thought process were in vain.

The hypothesis that Science will cause secularisation was proven wrong in many parts of the world, historically.

• Science and Religion were historically being studied in a 'conflict model' where theological and scientific views were put in loggerheads with each other.
• This contributed to a mistaken view of the past and led to a flawed conception of the future due to the expectations of secularisation.