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Epidemic vs. pandemic
An epidemic is a broad term used to describe any problem that is actively spreading and has grown out of control.
The pandemic relates to geographic spread. It describes a disease that affects a whole country or the entire world.
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Disease Event Classification
Epidemiology is the branch of medicine that handles the following:
- Incidence: the occurrence of a disease over a specified period.
- Prevalence: how many people are affected within a population.
- Control of diseases: an appropriate public health response.
Two measurable factors mostly define the level of disease occurrence:
- The pattern and speed by which a disease moves.
- The size of the susceptible population.
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The terms an epidemiologist use
- Sporadic refers to a disease that occurs infrequently or irregularly.
- Cluster refers to a disease that occurs in larger numbers even though the actual number or cause may be uncertain.
- Endemic refers to the constant presence and/or general prevalence of a disease in a geographic population.
- Hyperendemic refers to persistent, high levels of disease well above what is seen in other populations.
- Epidemic refers to a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected.
- Outbreak is the same as an epidemic but is often used to describe a more limited geographic event.
- Pandemic refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people.
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Phases of a Pandemic
The one staging model used to direct the public health response involves the flu. The same basic model can be applied with variations to epidemics like tuberculosis or malaria.
- Phases 1 through 3 help public health officials know it is time to develop tools and action plans to respond to an impending threat.
- Phase 4 through 6 happen when action plans are implemented in coordination with the WHO.
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