An economic system is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods & services within a society or a given geographic area.

3 economic problems that should be solved by economic systems:

• What & how much should be produced?
• How should it be produced?
• Distribution method?

Anarchism is a political ideology that rejects all involuntary, coercive forms of hierarchy/authority (including capitalism, nationalism, the state & all associated institutions) in the conduct of all human relations (interpersonal relationships).

Favours of a society based on:

• decentralisation
• freedom
• voluntary association

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by:

• Rejection of political plurality (diversity).
• A strong (unregulated) central power.
• power maintained by political repression.

Types:

• autocratic (1 person in power)
• oligarchic (a small group in power)

Communism is a specific form of socialism with the ultimate goal of establishing a communist society that consists of:

• common ownership of the means of production
• absence of social classes, money, & the state.

Communism analyses that:

1. There is an exploitative relationship between the 2 major social classes in the current order of society (capitalism), the proletariat (working class) & the bourgeoisie (capitalist class).
2. This situation can only be resolved through a social revolution.

Conservatists often:

• promote traditional social institutions
• oppose modernism
• return to traditional values

There is no single set of policies regarded as conservative because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place & time.

Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislators.

Emphasis on:

• freedom of assembly & speech
• inclusiveness and equality (minority rights)
• Membership (citizenship)
• consent
• voting
• right to life

Environmentalism advocates the reservation, restoration & improvement of the natural environment and critical earth system elements (ecodiversity, climate, habitats, etc.) on which humans depend in such a way that all the components are accorded a proper degree of sustainability.

Liberalism is a political & moral philosophy based on:

• Liberty (freedom of speech, press, expression & religion)
• Consent of the governed (democracy)
• Equality before the law (civil & human rights)

They generally support free markets, free trade, capitalism limited government & secularism.

Socialism is a political, social, & economic philosophy characterised by social ownership of the means of production.

There have been numerous political movements such as anarchism, communism, Marxism, social democracy & etc., whose members called themselves socialists under some definition of the term-all of these interpretations have generated debate over the true meaning of socialism.

Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy & political freedom, emphasizing:

• free association
• freedom of choice
• individualism
• voluntary association

Libertarians share a skepticism of authority and state power, and some seek to abolish capitalism & private ownership of the means of production.

Transhumanist politics constitutes a group of political ideologies that generally express the belief in improving human individuals through science & technology.