Is the Default Mode of the Brain to Suffer? - Deepstash
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What Does Brain Do At "Rest"?

When given nothing else to do, the brain defaults to thinking about the person it’s embedded in. The brain areas related to processing emotions, recalling memory, and thinking about what’s to come become quietly active.

This is “the default mode of brain function,” and the constellation of brain areas that carry it out are the default mode network, or DMN. 

People who daydream more tend to have a more active DMN; relatedly, dreaming itself appears to be an amplified version of mind-wandering. 

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What Does Buddhism Say?

What Does Buddhism Say?

In Buddhist traditions, this chattering described by neuroscientists as the default mode is a dragon to be tamed, if not slain. The crux of the Buddhist argument is that if you don’t establish some relationship with your DMN, some mindfulness of its activity, you’ll be yanked around by the swirling eddies of emotion, reaction, and rumination.

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What Does The Science Say?

What Does The Science Say?

The default mode has a "prospective bias". Depending on the person, their history, and their biological dispositions, that prospection could tilt toward worrying or hoping. There are 3 different types of day dreaming: 

  1. Positive constructive daydreaming: lots of playful, wishful imagery and plan-making thoughts.
  2. Dysphoric daydreaming: lots of anguish and obsessive fantasies. 
  3. Poor attentional control: hard to concentrate on anything

Research indicates that a disturbed DMN is a mechanism in depression. Our greatest source of suffering isn’t the default mode but when we get stuck in the default mode.

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DMN's Contribution In Creative Thinking

DMN's Contribution In Creative Thinking

The wandering nature of the DMN can be harnessed for creative thinking. In a 2015 study, participants were asked to do creative thinking tasks. Results showed that creative thinking requires a combination of focusing internal attention and controlling spontaneous thinking. It underscores the fact that not all minds that wander are lost.

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DMN And the Image of the Self

DMN And the Image of the Self

Suffering arises when people concretize the fleeting swirls of thought, especially around conceptions of self. Default-mode content involves an image of self, one that’s easy to become attached to. These self conceptions carry lots of emotional weight. We think that the image of the self is something real and not just an mental image. However, the self isn’t one thing, it’s an evolving construct of many different processes.  

According to Buddhist traditions, when we take it to be real when it isn’t then that causes suffering.

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Mental Chatter Is Not Real

Mental Chatter Is Not Real

In cognitive behavioral therapy, that process of divesting realness from your mental chatter is called “decentering,” or thinking less that your thoughts are the truth about what’s happening and viewing them as an observer. The therapeutic interventions offered by psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD — which, at least in one trial, helped longtime smokers quit at a rate three times that of the best pharma drugs — seem to have a similar, though more sudden, effect.

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Cognitive Flexibility

Cognitive Flexibility

The trouble that your DMS gets into seems to depend on how automatic your patterns of thought are. The key is cognitive flexibility: being able to more freely choose your mental habits, and have greater agency in your cognitive phenomena. CBT and even hypnosis could tame an unruly DMN.

Meditation also reduces activity in the DMN. It reforms the DMN so that the resting state becomes more like the meditative state, producing “a more present-centred default mode.” By investing more attention in the sensory world than in your narrative overlaying it, you might identify the former to be what’s true.

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Chögyam Trungpa

"Meditation practice is necessary generally because our thinking pattern, our conceptualized way of conducting our life in the world, is either too manipulative, imposing itself upon the world, or else runs completely wild and uncontrolled. Therefore, our meditation practice must begin with ego’s outermost layer, the discursive thoughts which continually run through our minds, our mental gossip."

CHÖGYAM TRUNGPA

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