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What is a migraine?
- Migraine is a neurological condition that can cause multiple symptoms. It’s frequently characterized by intense, debilitating headaches.
- Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, difficulty speaking, numbness or tingling, and sensitivity to light and sound.
- Migraines often run in families and affect all ages. Migraines can begin in childhood or may not occur until early adulthood. Women are more likely than men to have migraines.
- Family history is one of the most common risk factors for having migraines.
- Migraines are different from other headaches.
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Migraine symptoms
- The prodrome stage (one to two days before the headache itself): food cravings, depression, fatigue or low energy, frequent yawning, hyperactivity, irritability, neck stiffness.
- In migraine with aura: during an aura, you may have problems with your vision, sensation, movement, and speech.
- The attack phase. This is the most acute or severe of the phases when the actual migraine pain occurs: sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, dizziness or feeling faint, pain on one side of your head, pulsing and throbbing head pain, vomiting.
- The postdrome phase. During this phase, there are usually changes in mood and feelings. A mild, dull headache may persist.
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What causes migraines?
Researchers haven’t identified a definitive cause for migraines. However, they have found some contributing factors that can trigger the condition.
- This includes changes in brain chemicals, such as a decrease in levels of the brain chemical serotonin.
- Other factors that may trigger a migraine include bright lights, severe heat, or other extremes in weather, dehydration, hormone changes, excess stress, loud sounds, intense physical activity, skipping meals, changes in sleep patterns, use of certain medications, smoking, alcohol use, etc.
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Migraine treatment
Migraines can’t be cured, but your doctor can help you manage them so you get them less often and treat symptoms when they occur.
A treatment plan may include a combination of self-care migraine remedies, lifestyle adjustments, including stress management and avoiding migraine triggers, OTC pain or migraine medications, prescription migraine medications, prescription medications to help with nausea or vomiting, hormone therapy if migraines seem to occur in relation to your menstrual cycle, counseling and alternative care, which may include biofeedback, meditation, acupressure, or acupuncture.
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