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ODD is a behavioral disorder that results in defiance and anger against authority. It can affect a person’s work, school, and social life.
ODD affects between 1 and 16 percent of school age children. It’s more common in boys than girls. Many children start to show symptoms of ODD between the ages of 6 and 8 years. ODD also occurs in adults. Adults with ODD who were not diagnosed as children often go undiagnosed.
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The disorder is often difficult to diagnose in adults because many of the symptoms overlap with antisocial behaviors , substance abuse, and other disorders.
There is no proven cause of ODD, but there are theories that can help identify potential causes. It’s thought a combination of environmental, biological, and psychological factors cause ODD. For example, it’s more common in families with a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .
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At least one of these symptoms must be displayed with someone who is not a sibling. The categories and symptoms include:
Angry or irritable mood, which includes symptoms like:
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Argumentative or defiant behavior, which includes symptoms like:
Vindictiveness
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Individual cognitive behavioral therapy: A psychologist will work with the child to improve:
They may also be able to identify potential contributing factors.
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Family therapy: A psychologist will work with the whole family to make changes. This can help parents find support and learn strategies for handling their child’s ODD.
Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT): Therapists will coach the parents as they interact with their children. Parents can learn more effective parenting techniques.
Peer groups: The child can learn how to improve their social skills and relationships with other children.
Medications: These can help treat causes of ODD, such as depression or ADHD. However, there is no specific medication to treat ODD itself.
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Adults with ODD can manage their disorder by:
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