By 1896, gymnastics was already a part of the Olympics. However, the early gymnastics had events such as running and jumping, but events were narrowed down with time. <ul><li>Combination exercises appeared in 1928.</li><li>By the 1954 Olympics, the gymnastics routines as we know them became the norm.</li><li>In the 1950s, the 1 to 10 scoring system started to be used. </li><li>Earlier gymnastics for men focused on power, while women focused on elegance. Over time men and women both started to display elegance and power.</li></ul>

Gymnastics as a Sport

The history of gymnastics began in ancient Greece. Gymnastics was a fitness training program encompassing many forms of athletic activity, including running, wrestling and physical fitness routines. Some forms of gymnastics were included in the Olympics. The Romans continued the practice. The routines became more oriented toward preparation for training as a soldier. In 393 AD the Emperor Theodosius banned the Olympic Games, which by then had become corrupt, and gymnastics, along with other sports, dwindled.

Gymnastics in Greece and Rome

Johann Gutsmuth and Friedrich Jahn started making devices that young people could use for gymnastics. Among the devices were the ring, pommel horse, and the vault. The balance beam, the parallel bars and the horizontal bar were also developed. During the 18th and 19th centuries, gymnastics was still seen as a training exercise. But later, it became more of a sport than a military training regime.

The 18th Century Resurgence

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Who Invented Gymnastics?

<ul><li>S<a href="https://www.livescience.com/34801-stroke-warning-signs.html">troke</a>, which occurs when there is bleeding on the brain or the blow flow to the brain is obstructed;</li><li>Transient ischemic attack (TIA), which are mini-type strokes that last a shorter period of time but mimic stroke symptoms; and</li><li>Subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is specifically bleeding in the space between your brain and the surrounding membrane that can be the result of a trauma or rupturing of a weak blood vessel;</li></ul>Infections such as meningitis, encephalitis, polio, and epidural abscess can also affect the nervous system, the NIH noted.

The nervous system and vascular disorders 

Of all the diseases of the nervous system, the most common difficulty that people have is pain, and much of that is nerve-related.

Pain and the nervous system

Patients with nerve disorders experience functional difficulties, which result in conditions such as:<ul><li><a href="https://www.livescience.com/34723-epilepsy-symptoms-and-treatment.html">Epilepsy</a>, in which abnormal electrical discharges from brain cells cause seizures</li><li>Parkinson's disease, which is a progressive nerve disease that affects movement</li><li><a href="https://www.livescience.com/34785-multiple-sclerosis-inhibits-central-nervous-system.html">Multiple sclerosis</a> (MS), in which the protective lining of the nerves is attacked by the body's immune system</li><li><a href="https://www.livescience.com/39583-als-lou-gehrigs-disease.html">Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a> (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a motor neuron disease which weakens the muscles and progressively hampers physical function</li><li>Huntington's disease, which is an inherited condition that cause the nerve cells in the brain to degenerate</li><li><a href="https://www.livescience.com/18335-alzhimers-disease-criteria-mild-cognitive-impairment.html">Alzheimer's disease</a>, which covers a wide range of disorders that impacts mental functions, particularly memory.</li></ul>

Diseases of the nervous system

<ul><li>Nerves are cylindrical bundles of fibers that start at the brain and central cord and branch out to every other part of the body.</li><li><a href="https://www.livescience.com/18749-human-brain-cell-number.html">Neurons</a> send signals to other cells through thin fibers called axons, which cause chemicals known as neurotransmitters to be released at junctions called synapses.</li><li>A synapse gives a command to the cell and the entire communication process typically takes only a fraction of a millisecond. Signals travel along an alpha motor neuron in the spinal cord 268 mph (431 km/h); the fastest transmission in the human body, according to <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/2011/mar/10-numbers-the-nervous-system">Discover magazine</a>.</li></ul>

Nerves, neurons and synapses

<ul><li>It is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essentially the body's electrical wiring.</li><li>Structurally, the nervous system has two components: the central nervous system (<a href="https://www.livescience.com/29365-human-brain.html">the brain</a>, spinal cord, and nerves) and the peripheral nervous system (sensory neurons, ganglia and nerves that connect to one another and to the central nervous system).</li><li>Functionally, the nervous system has two main subdivisions: the somatic, or voluntary, component (nerves that connect to one another and to the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system (regulates certain body processes, such as blood pressure and the rate of breathing, that work without conscious effort).</li></ul>

The nervous system

The human body has a central nervous system and a peripheral nervous system. These systems have specific functions, and can be affected by a variety of diseases.

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Nervous System: Facts, Function & Diseases

<ul>
<li>In the 14th century, Venetian craftsmen made eyeglasses. The lenses were convex to correct far-sightedness. </li>
<li>In 1451 Nicholas of Cusa from Germany produced concave eyeglass for near-sighted people.</li>
<li>In the 17th century, frames of steel were invented.</li>
<li>British optician Edward Scarlett invented eyeglasses where the frame could be placed over the ears and nose.</li>
<li>Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals.</li>
<li>In 1827, Sir George Biddle Airy invented glasses to correct astigmatism.</li>
<li>In 1971, a lens was developed which combined plastic with glass.</li>
</ul>

Development of eyeglasses

Salvio D'Armate possibly invented eyeglasses around 1285. He shared the invention with Allesandro Della Spina, an Italian monk who made eyeglasses public.
The first eyeglasses had metal or bone frames, and the lenses were made out of quartz.

The first eyeglasses

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Déjà vu, French for ‘already seen’, is a feeling of having experienced something already. A feeling of being familiar with the current scenario as if it has happened to us in the same way before. According to a study, about 60 percent of the population has experienced déjà vu.
What makes déjà vu unique is that there is a conflict between the sensation and the actual awareness, a disorienting feeling that one has been tricked.

Déjà Vu

There are cases where people are persistently experiencing the feeling of Déjà Vu. The cause can be taking a mixture of medications that can have unpredictable side effects, as in some documented cases.

Constant Déjà Vu

According to neuroscientists, déjà vu isn’t a memory error or a sign of an unhealthy mind. It happens as the frontal regions of the brain, which process billions of neurons, tries to correct an inaccurate memory, fact-checking the information it is receiving. This can happen once a month on average, but being stressed out, tired or fatigued may increase the chances of experiencing this feeling.
Dopamine, which is a mood-boosting neurotransmitter, plays a part in déjà vu, especially in people who experiment with dopaminergic drugs.

Déjà Vu According To Neuroscience

According to extensive research, the younger population experiences more déjà vu, and as one gets older, the noticing of errors becomes less frequent. This is a natural part of ageing.

Young People Get More Déjà Vus

A lesser-known feeling is Jamais Vu or ‘never seen’. It is essentially failing to recognize or remember a situation that should be familiar to us. This is different from standard forgetting, like amnesia, but is a momentary lapse of awareness of the familiar. 
What’s intriguing is that it has the same characteristics:
<ol>
<li>It is a disorienting feeling.</li>
<li>It happens more to young people.</li>
<li>It is more likely to happen when one is tired.</li>
</ol>
An experiment to prompt the feeling of Jamais Vu involved writing a familiar word like apple or door, constantly on a piece of paper for a few minutes. 70 percent of the participants began to doubt the spelling or the authenticity of the word.

Jamais Vu: The Opposite Of Déjà Vu

Our neuroscientist expert explains how Deja vu is far from a memory fault, what causes it – and how some people experience it constantly.

Understand yourself and those around you.

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What causes déjà vu? The quirky neuroscience behind the memory illusion

<ul>
<li>Also known as Acute Stress Response, the fight-or-flight response is a physiological reaction when we are mentally or physically terrified.</li>
<li>A stressful or terrifying situation triggers hormones that prepare our body to stay or either deal with the problem or run away towards safety.</li>
<li>American physiologist Walter Cannon first described this basic stress response towards danger.</li>
</ul>

Fight Or Flight Response

The Fight-Or-Flight Response is an automatic survival technique to preserve our life, and is crucial for how we deal with stress, threats, and danger. 
It primes our body to perform under pressure, making sure we are at our best when dealing with life-threatening situations, making it more likely for us to survive.

Importance Of A Fight-Or-Flight Response

When acute stress occurs, the body’s sympathetic nervous system gets activated with a hormonal release. It stimulates the adrenal glands, releasing catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline). 
Heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate increases, lasting for about 20 to 60 minutes. Outward signs of an acute stress response include a flushed face, trembling, dilated pupils and rapid breathing.

Fight Or Flight: Chain Reaction

The fight-or-flight response is a physiological reaction that either prepares our bodies to stay and fight or to flee. Learn how this response works.

Who Invented Gymnastics?

Nervous System: Facts, Function & Diseases

Who Invented Eyeglasses? - Who was Glasses Inventor?

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What causes déjà vu? The quirky neuroscience behind the memory illusion

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Who Invented Gymnastics?

Nervous System: Facts, Function & Diseases

Who Invented Eyeglasses? - Who was Glasses Inventor?

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What causes déjà vu? The quirky neuroscience behind the memory illusion

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