Jan Ingenhousz published the research on photosynthesis in 1779.<ul><li>He placed plants into a transparent container and submerged them in water</li><li>Small bubbles appeared on the bottom of the plants</li><li>The bubbles only appeared on the green parts</li><li>He found that the bubbles stopped producing when they were taken out of sunlight</li></ul>

How was photosynthesis discovered?

Until recently, blue-green algae were thought to be the first organisms to photosynthesize, about 2.7 billion years ago.In a 2018 study, scientists found out that ancient microbes have been photosynthesizing 1 billion years earlier than thought.<ul><li>complex life would have been able to evolve earlier</li></ul>

When did photosynthesis first appear in nature?

Researchers have uncovered a bacteria that uses stolen technology.<ul><li>The bacterium stole photosynthesis-related genes from a different bacteria</li><li>This bacteria now has a central reaction center, an inner sunlight-capturing ring, but it also has a new type of outer ring</li><li>This study shows that this species independently evolved its own solar-energy trapping technology</li></ul>

Bacteria with stolen photosynthesis

Would chlorophyll's green pigment still be the best? or would plants be a different color?New research published uses numerical models of chemistry and physics of photosynthesis to find the optimal wavelengths of light.

What if a star emits a different color of light?

The earth's surface is covered with green plants and bacteria, which absorb a lot of red light and reflect a lot of visible and infrared light from the sun.This leads to this really cool feature of life on earth: the red edge.<ul><li>satellites around earth use this to trace vegetation growth</li><li>astrobiologists may be able to look for this feature to find a sign of life</li></ul>

The red edge

It might be blue, or not even visible light.The researchers' goal was to figure out where future telescopes should look for a red edge, or whatever color it is.These findings could help scientists find vegetation on other planets in the next few decades.

What if the edge is not red?

A very interesting podcast about plants, tried to start small, so here's how photosynthesis was discovered, when it first appeared, a bacteria that uses stolen technology and how photosynthesis can be used to find alien life. 🛰️🔎🌿

Learn how photosynthesis was uncovered by scientists, how this amazing set of biochemical reactions might help find aliens, and meet a cunning species of bacteria that's evolved with stolen photosynthesizing technology.

Plants and nature

Photosynthesis: Fast Flora Facts

Without the fear of heights, there can be no appreciation for the beauty of high places.

The doctor smiled tolerantly.“Don’t you get it? I’ve given my most profound love to an illusion!”“Are you under the impression that the object of everyone else’s love actually exists?”“Is that even a question?”

Does love actually exist?

“Sure. For the majority of people, what they love exists only in the imagination. The object of their love is not the man or woman of reality, but what he or she is like in their imagination. The person in reality is just a template used for the creation of this dream lover. Eventually, they find out the differences between their dream lover and the template. If they can get used to those differences, then they can be together. If not, they split up. It’s as simple as that. You differ from the majority in one respect: You didn’t need a template.”

What's love about

Time is the one thing that can’t be stopped. Like a sharp blade, it silently cuts through hard and soft, constantly advancing. Nothing is capable of jolting it even the slightest bit, but it changes everything.

How to stop time

Make time for civilization, for civilization won't make time.

The Great Ravine

“There are no homes now. No one has them. Marriage, family, they went away after the Great Ravine. That will be the first thing you’ll have to get used to.”“That first thing is something I won’t be able to get used to.”“Oh, I don’t know. In history class I learned that marriage and family had already begun to disintegrate in your own time. Lots of people didn’t want to be tied down. They wanted free lives.”

Life after the Great Ravine

Soon to be a Netflix Original Series! "Wildly imaginative." —President Barack Obama on The Three-Body Problem trilogy This near-future trilogy is the first chance for English-speaking readers to experience this multiple-award-winning phenomenon from Cixin Liu, China's most beloved science fiction author. In The Dark Forest, Earth is reeling from the revelation of a coming alien invasion-in just four centuries' time. The aliens' human collaborators may have been defeated, but the presence of the sophons, the subatomic particles that allow Trisolaris instant access to all human information, means that Earth's defense plans are totally exposed to the enemy. Only the human mind remains a secret. This is the motivation for the Wallfacer Project, a daring plan that grants four men enormous resources to design secret strategies, hidden through deceit and misdirection from Earth and Trisolaris alike. Three of the Wallfacers are influential statesmen and scientists, but the fourth is a total unknown. Luo Ji, an unambitious Chinese astronomer and sociologist, is baffled by his new status. All he knows is that he's the one Wallfacer that Trisolaris wants dead. The Three-Body Problem Series The Three-Body Problem The Dark Forest Death's End Other Books Ball Lightning Supernova Era To Hold Up The Sky (forthcoming) At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Stand-alone stuff

The Dark Forest

The universe is a dark forest. Every civilization is an armed hunter stalking through the trees like a ghost, gently pushing aside branches that block the path and trying to tread without sound. Even breathing is done with care. The hunter has to be careful, because everywhere in the forest are stealthy hunters like him.

If he finds other life another hunter, an angel or a demon, a delicate infant or a tottering old man, a fairy or a demigod—there’s only one thing he can do: open fire and eliminate them. In this forest, hell is other people. An eternal threat that any life that exposes its own existence will be swiftly wiped out. This is the picture of cosmic civilization. It’s the explanation for the Fermi Paradox.

Soviet astrophysicist Nicolai Kardashev once proposed that we can divide civilizations into three types based on the power they can command for communication purposes, let's say.

Dividing civilizations

A Type I civilization can muster an amount of energy equivalent to the total energy output of the Earth. Based on his estimates, the energy output of the Earth is about 10^15 to 10^16 watts.A Type II civilization can marshal the energy equivalent to the output of a typical star - 10^26 watts.A Type III civilization's communication energy can reach 10^36 watts, approximately equal to the energy output of a galaxy. Civilization on Earth is currently about Type 0.7 not even a full Type I.

The Kardashev Scale

And to attain that state, you need to empty yourself.I said, "I'm empty enough. Fame and fortune are nothing to me. Many of the monks in this temple are worldlier than me." The abbot shook his head and said,"No, emptiness is not nothingness. Emptiness is a type of existence. You must use this existential emptiness to fill yourself."His words were very enlightening to me. Later, after I thought about it a bit, I realized that it wasn't Buddhist philosophy at all, but was more akin to some modern physics theories. The abbot also told me he would not discuss Buddhism with me.

Emptiness is not nothingness

Interesting that I’ve found this book as a side note in “The denial of death” by Ernest Becker. Didn’t expect something from it, and for sure didn’t expect it to grab my attention at all. Unquestionably an enthralling book, first of the “Remembrance of Earth’s past” trilogy. I would recommend it to anyone who dares to imagine beyond our existence.

Soon to be a Netflix Original Series! “War of the Worlds for the 21st century.” – Wall Street Journal The Three-Body Problem is the first chance for English-speaking readers to experience the Hugo Award-winning phenomenon from China's most beloved science fiction author, Liu Cixin. Set against the backdrop of China's Cultural Revolution, a secret military project sends signals into space to establish contact with aliens. An alien civilization on the brink of destruction captures the signal and plans to invade Earth. Meanwhile, on Earth, different camps start forming, planning to either welcome the superior beings and help them take over a world seen as corrupt, or to fight against the invasion. The result is a science fiction masterpiece of enormous scope and vision. The Three-Body Problem Series The Three-Body Problem The Dark Forest Death's End Other Books Ball Lightning Supernova Era To Hold Up The Sky (forthcoming) At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Books

The Three-Body Problem

Some of us might be thinking that if this universe is so big and is expanding every second then where are the other people? The astronauts say that there is 1 earth size planet that is in the habitable zone of its sun. Then where is the rest of the life? Maybe they are just type 1 civilization using their planet resources.We don't know much maybe they are so advanced that they can't understand us or so unadvanced that they again can't understand usThere may be a great filter that is there to destroy humans or we have already passed them. Continue reading for more on this topic.

Where Are We In The Universe?

There are 4 typesType 1 that takes only the resources of its planet.Type 2 that takes the resources of its sun!Type 3 that takes resoures of its galaxyType 4 that takes resources of many galaxies. We might think which are we. We are going to be type 1 in the near future.Then there will be races to make a inter galactic civilization.After achieving that we can be type 2, type 3, type 4 in a couple of million years Continue reading below.

Types of Civilizations

Scientists say there is a great filter in front of us. It lies different challenges in front of us.It is complex and maybe not even exist. This Filter raises two other questions.Are there any other civilizations out there that have passed the filter?Or is the filter just a small one and there is another bigger, larger and harder to pass one that lies after it. It just maybe that humanity needs to occupy the whole solar system and then we can face *voice tone changes to a very big giant*THE REAL THE GREAT THE MARVELLOUS AND HARD TO PASS GREAT FILTER!But why aren't we discovering aliens?

The Great Filter (Which can be a bit not so great after this)

We don't even know if we are before or after the filter and this is why scientists (well, some of them) don't want to discover Alien Civilizations. This is explained in more detail in the video of Kurzgesagt.Well, anyway, if the alien civilizations are more advanced and technologically better than us then we are actually behind the filter. But, but if the aliens are worse than us then we could be in front of the filter and that would prove that getting a brain is the most advanced thing humans have done.Continue Reading

So are we behind this Filter or in front of it? And answering the question that was in the idea before this.

We know that the planets were made by pieces of rock crashing together. And the scientists have made a hypothesis that the habitable planets could have formed millions of years ago and quite possibly life might have already generated and ended before humanity was created.We can also think that a 4th clash civilization might be spying on us and whenever we reach the type 4 stage they would/could do one of these things: - <ul><li>Kill us and take our resources.</li></ul>OR<ul><li>Be friends with us try to make a type 5 civilization in which we can inhabit the whole galaxy.</li></ul>

One thing more...

This universe is spanning every second (and is so ginormous). It is very unlikely for us to think we are alone. But if we are then we must become a type 4 civilization to keep humanity alive until the universe breathes its last breath and goes into eternal darkness. So this is me, knowledge4everyone signing out. Bye!

Ending

These ideas are written thanks to Kurzgesagt. It is a YouTube that has millions of videos that help you to understand science much better.

Aliens

The Great Filter | Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell

In 1950, the physicist and Nobel laureate Enrico Fermi famously asked his colleagues: “Where are they?”Given the vastness of the space and how our civilization had evolved, theoretically, there should be some other civlization in the universe that we could somehow see. We have pretty powerful tools and if other intelligent life forms would exist, they would have probably evolved in a similar way we did. Thus, they would also have tools to give or intercept signals. Yet, where are all these aliens? Why haven’t they contacted us? Are we the most intelligent life form in the entire universe?

What is Fermi Paradox?

Well, the answer of the above question might be yes!The Great Filter is a terrifying concept. It states that civilizations must overcome certain challenges in order for them to survive. These challenges might vary based on where the life took form, however, every civilization gets to a point, a final challenge, which is the most difficult to pass.Passing it means continous prosperity and evolution for that civilzation, failing it results in complete extinction.

The Great Filter

The Great Filter might be a solution to the Fermi Paradox.A civilization might be situated in one of two positions. Before or after this Great Filter.Being before the filter means that the civilization hasn’t yet overcame the final challenge, which could be anything. For humanity, it might be interstellar travel for instance.Being after the filter means that the civilization is prone to prosperity and continous advancement.So where are we, regarding this Great Filter? Before or after?

Before or after The Great Filter

Can we be after the filter?What if the biggest challenge for a civilization is developing a consciousness?What if that final point is just evolving from a bacteria into a more complext life form?What if not discovering fire or electricity means extinction?What if no other civilization passed any of this? Could we be the first one? Could this be the reason why we can’t see any aliens? Are we alone in this universe?Well, isn’t this a scary thought?

What if we passed The Great Filter?

Do you ever wonder if we are alone in the Universe? Do you ask yourself why we don’t see extraterrestrial beings? This might answer these questions.

Photosynthesis: Fast Flora Facts

The Dark Forest

The Three-Body Problem

The Great Filter | Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell

The Great Filter, a possible solution for Fermi Paradox

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