We took the data set from the SP500 Yahoo Finance Historical Data and tested it. We only had open and close data from 1982 and after.&nbsp; Methodology: Rather than measuring calender years, we measured trading years on a daily basis. Every day of every year we looked back 1 trading year and measured the results. Results:Over 9930 Periods, 7727 of periods the SP500 was higher than the same day in the previous trading year. It was never the exact same. 1950 it was lower. Mean returns were 10.6%Median returns were 11.96%

Do stocks only go up?

Get historical data for the S&P 500 (^GSPC) on Yahoo Finance. View and download daily, weekly or monthly data to help your investment decisions.

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S&P 500 (^GSPC) Historical Data

<ul><li>Relegating all data knowledge to a handful of people within a company is problematic on many levels. It’s hard for them to communicate their findings to colleagues who lack basic data literacy.</li><li>Airbnb, a huge believer in the democratization of data science, strives to empower every team member to make data-driven decisions. To ensure that, the company created its own Data University.</li><li>Smart companies today ensure that many of their employees can speak the language of data and use it to improve work outcomes.</li></ul>

Data science isn’t just for data scientists anymore

Despite the explosion of interest in big data, many organizations continue to relegate data-science knowledge to a small number of employees. That’s a mistake, it’s unsustainable. Very few companies expect only professional writers to know how to write. Companies that want to compete in the age of data need to do three things: share data tools, spread data skills, and spread data responsibility.

Data literacy is necessary to make data-driven decisions

All your employees need to understand the basics of analyzing data.

Future, apps, code, data, tech skills, AI, machine learning 

Technology

The Democratization of Data Science

Data privacy denotes how information should be managed based on its importance. In today's Internet era, data privacy is most crucial thing for each and every individual. The more you are aware of it, the more you are safer from multiple risks.Data privacy signifies your personal information like your bank account, health and medical records, social security numbers, fullname, addresses and birthdays etc. Its one of the key role to protect our data and should be aware how it is managed properly and protected.

Importance Of Data Privacy

An Economist BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR As the data economy grows in power, Carissa Véliz exposes how our privacy is eroded by big tech and governments, why that matters and what we can do about it. The moment you check your phone in the morning you are giving away your data. Before you've even switched off your alarm, a whole host of organisations have been alerted to when you woke up, where you slept, and with whom. As you check the weather, scroll through your 'suggested friends' on Facebook, you continually compromise your privacy. Without your permission, or even your awareness, tech companies are harvesting your information, your location, your likes, your habits, and sharing it amongst themselves. They're not just selling your data. They're selling the power to influence you. Even when you've explicitly asked them not to. And it's not just you. It's all your contacts too. Digital technology is stealing our personal data and with it our power to make free choices. To reclaim that power and democracy, we must protect our privacy. What can we do? So much is at stake. Our phones, our TVs, even our washing machines are spies in our own homes. We need new regulation. We need to pressure policy-makers for red lines on the data economy. And we need to stop sharing and to adopt privacy-friendly alternatives to Google, Facebook and other online platforms. Short, terrifying, practical: Privacy is Power highlights the implications of our laid-back attitude to data and sets out how we can take back control. If you liked The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, you'll love Privacy is Power because it provides a philosophical perspective on the politics of privacy, and it offers a very practical outlook, both for policymakers and ordinary citizens.

Data privacy and technology

Privacy is Power

Wearing a smartwatch and recording all physical activities, along with the nutrition we take is highly convenient for the dieting apps which plan diets and exercise routines tailored for us.
All the online health data that is recorded and analysed, apart from the long online questionnaires asking users about their gender, weight, exercise habits, geolocation etc. are used by the dieting apps for pushing targeted ads and selling the information to interested third parties.

The Data We Give To Health Tracking Apps

The terabytes of user data recorded through tracking apps and smartwatches can end up with third parties, Facebook, Google Analytics, Yandex and data analysis firms who mine it for commercial purposes.User data is the currency of the decade and has made companies offer free products to consumers and yet enter the Fortune 500 club.Users need to demand more transparency into how their data is used and protected, to avoid being a product to these companies.

Data Is The New Goldmine

Nonprofit Privacy International’s new report shows how three dieting apps are collecting a lot of personal and medical data and may be sharing it with third parties. 


Stashed ideas

What exactly are dieting apps doing with all your data?

More than ever, people struggling with mental health issues are turning to therapy apps. While some applications connect you with a licensed therapist, many apps have gone humanless - from friendly chatbots that offer cognitive behavioural therapy to apps that claim to help people through acute stress with deep breathing exercises.
While studies suggest that some of these applications are effective treatments for mental illness, experts are concerned with the rapid growth of unregulated apps.

Digital therapy

Since 2016, mental health apps have exploded in number and popularity. Currently, there are about 10,000 to 20,000 mental health apps available. Studies also show that, overall, smartphone apps helped people feel moderately less depressed and anxious. But, many mental health apps make unsubstantiated treatment claims. Because the risks associated with using the apps are small, no one seems to be checking the validity of their claims.

Not all mental health apps are legit

In a review of 52 apps for anxiety, psychologists found that 67% had been developed without guidance from a healthcare professional. Another review found that none of the 25 highest-rated apps for anxiety had content in line with evidence-based treatments. Some of the advice offered by the apps are harmful. One app for bipolar disorder advised users that experienced a manic episode to take a shot of hard liquor to help them fall asleep. Another app said you could "catch" bipolar disorder.

Harmful mental health apps

It's unlikely that these mHealth apps will replace in-person healthcare professionals. While regulation would eliminate most health apps, that is not likely to happen soon. When choosing apps, users should go to a medical professional and see what they would recommend. The professional can see if the app is consistent with evidence-based treatments.

Caution when choosing a mHealth app

Therapy apps are booming, but mental health experts have vetted precious few. With no regulatory body actively vetting mental health apps, users are left to navigate an explosion of options that range from expert-recommended to potentially harmful.