Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that creates intelligent machines to interact as humans. The groundwork for AI was laid in the 1950s by the famous Mathematician Alan Turing with his Turing Test, also known as the imitation game. Interested fellow researchers developed the concept further, which laid down the framework and architecture for the development of AI.

The concept of AI originated in the 1950s

Website is a necessity for all business niches in the market. Consumers usually access their web page to get to know the nature of the business. The webpage is then a credible source of the business and is vital for sales revenue. Websites make use of various AI-incorporated solutions to provide a better user experience, such as AI chatbots, voice-based search, and analytics data. AI can also be trained to dynamically change the website design layout based on a user's preferences. However, there are a few challenges to overcome.

Artificial Intelligence in website development

The development phase requires proper planning and consideration. For example, a young child can recognise an apple by someone pointing and naming the fruit a few times. From there, he would be able to recognise all sorts of apples. But in machine learning, it takes thousands or millions of data and algorithms for the machine to identify it as an apple.

Data collection

How much data is enough. 100, 1000, 10000? Underfitting is when the model is too simplified to know the base structure of data. It has too little information to construct an accurate training model. Overfitting is where researchers overgeneralise and hope the machine can produce insight by the end of the training.

Underfitting or Overfitting

When dealing with large datasets with many columns and variables, feature extracting is used to divide and reduce existing data into a manageable group. But for image processing, machines can't extract features such as edges, shapes, or even size in this way. Instead, machines see and store an image in the form of a matrix of numbers. It gets more complicated when dealing with large images and datasets and eventually leads to the Curse of Dimensionality. Instead of processing each matrix, the machine will discard some features to more accurately map in a lower-dimensional space.

Feature extraction and suitable machine learning model

While there are still challenges with Artificial Intelligence, we should not underestimate what AI can do. We know there are still many uncharted areas to be discovered in the coming years. 

Artificial Intelligence, AI is a branch of computer science that creates intelligent machines to behave, learn or even think like an actual human being. Back in the 1950s, Turing Test, or formerly…

Nov 2021

The challenges in teaching machines to see like humans

Unfortunately, there are also some challenges when using data models. In order to effectively create a data model:

Data modeling is a process for conceptualizing the relationships between different types of information in an organization. 

Data management 

Data Modeling - The Definitive Guide

<ul><li>Class Inheritance: A class is like a blueprint — a description of the object to be created. Classes inherit from classes and create subclass relationships: hierarchical class taxonomies.</li><li>Prototypal Inheritance: A prototype is a working object instance. Objects inherit directly from other objects.</li></ul>

What’s the Difference Between Class & Prototypal Inheritance?

<ul><li>The tight coupling problem (class inheritance is the tightest coupling available in oo design), which leads to the next one…</li><li>The fragile base class problem</li><li>Inflexible hierarchy problem (eventually, all evolving hierarchies are wrong for new uses)</li><li>The duplication by necessity problem (due to inflexible hierarchies, new use cases are often shoe-horned in by duplicating, rather than adapting existing code)</li><li>The Gorilla/banana problem (What you wanted was a banana, but what you got was a gorilla holding the banana, and the entire jungle).</li></ul>

Class Inheritance Causes Many Problems

<ul><li>Concatenative inheritance: The process of inheriting features directly from one object to another by copying the source objects properties.&nbsp;</li><li>Prototype delegation: If a property is not found on the object, the lookup is delegated to the delegate prototype, which may have a link to its own delegate prototype, and so on up the chain until you arrive at `Object.prototype`, which is the root delegate.&nbsp;</li><li>Functional inheritance: In JavaScript, any function can create an object. When that function is not a constructor (or `class`), it’s called a factory function.&nbsp;</li></ul>

There Are Three Kinds of Prototypal OO

Objects are frequently used in JavaScript, and understanding how to work with them effectively will be a huge win for your productivity. In fact, poor OO design can potentially lead to project…

Stashed ideas

Master the JavaScript Interview: What’s the Difference Between Class & Prototypal Inheritance?

A weighted graph is interesting because it has little to do with whether the graph is directed, undirected, or contains cycles. At its core, a weighted graph is a graph whose edges have some sort of value that is associated with them. The value that is attached to an edge is what gives the edge its “weight”.

Graphs that weigh heavy on your mind

Dijkstra’s algorithm can be used to determine the shortest path from one node in a graph to every other node within the same graph data structure, provided that the nodes are reachable from the starting node.

Dijkstra’s algorithm

The abstracted rules are as follows: <ul><li>Every time that we set out to visit a new node, we will choose the node with the smallest known distance/cost to visit first. </li><li>Once we’ve moved to the node we’re going to visit, we will check each of its neighboring nodes. </li><li>For each neighboring Node, we’ll calculate the Distance/Cost by summing the cost of the edges that lead to the Node we’re checking.</li><li>Finally, if the distance/cost to a node is less than a known distance, we’ll update the shortest distance that we have on file for that vertex. </li></ul>

Rules of Dijkstra’s game

If you spend enough time reading about programming or computer science, there’s a good chance that you’ll encounter the same ideas, terms, concepts, and names, time and again. Some of them start to…

Finding The Shortest Path, With A Little Help From Dijkstra

Returns an infinite iterator that produces evenly spaced values starting with number start.It's often used in combination with map() to generate consecutive data points, and with zip() to add sequence numbers.

itertools.count(start=0, step=1)

Assume you have three lists and you want to turn them into a table-like structure, where each row has a numeric ID.You can combine count() with zip() to add sequence numbers to the resulting tuples. See code in image.

datascience

The concept of AI originated in the 1950s

The challenges in teaching machines to see like humans

Data Modeling - The Definitive Guide

What’s the Difference Between Class & Prototypal Inheritance?

Master the JavaScript Interview: What’s the Difference Between Class & Prototypal Inheritance?