<ul><li>Being one of the oldest civilizations in the world, India has rich history and culture as well as a long and solid scientific and technological tradition.</li><li> Thus, it is not surprising that India gave many important inventions to the world</li></ul>

Inventions In India Or By Indians!

<ul><li>Buttons were used for the first time in Mohenjo-daro, the civilization of the Indus Valley, with an ornamental purpose 2000 BC About 5,000 years ago. </li><li>The first buttons were made of shells and had two holes in the middle</li></ul>

1. Buttons

<ul><li>Created under the name Chaturaṅga which translates as 'the four divisions', meaning infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry, represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook during the Gupta Empire in the 6th century.</li></ul>

2. Chess

<ul><li>Made of ivory, the oldest ruler was discovered in the Indus Valley civilization and date back to the year 1500 BC. </li><li>The subdivisions of the decimal system are surprisingly accurate.</li><li> One such specimen was even calibrated to 1/16 of an inch—less than 2 millimetres.</li><li> These kinds of rulers were clearly very prominent, as even bricks of the valley’s buildings were found to follow the same measurements. </li></ul>

3. Ruler

<ul><li>The English word Shampoo is derived from the word chāmpo which comes from the Sanskrit word ‘Chapayati’, meaning massage or knead. </li></ul>It was initially used as a hair massage for the provincial governors of Bengal during the Mughal Empire of India, in 1762.

4. Shampoo

Nobel Prize winner Guglielmo Marconi whose predecessor in connection with the development of wireless telegraphy was the scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose, who conducted a public demonstration of microwave transmission in Calcutta in 1895.

5. Wireless Communication

<ul><li>The concept of zero as a number and not just as a symbol or an empty space of separation occurred in the ninth century BC, where it came to be used in calculus and arithmetic. </li><li>In the middle of the year 458, after Christ, the Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata created the symbol for zero, and thanks to it, this number was recognized worldwide as a suitable digit.</li></ul>

. Zero

<ul><li>Indian physician Sushruta was the first to surgically operate on cataracts, as early as the 6th century.</li><li> The fame was so wide that not only Chinese scientists, but also Greeks, travelled to India to get operations done and learn about their techniques. </li><li>The same doctor was a pioneer in cosmetic surgery, based on local practices, which dated back to 2000 BC</li></ul>

7. Cataract surgery and cosmetic surgery

<ul><li>Until the discovery of diamond mines in Brazil, in the 18th century, and for more than 5000 years ago, central India was the only source of diamonds in the world.</li></ul>

8. Diamond Mines

<ul><li>Various ancient civilizations and cultures independently discovered different ink techniques for writing. </li><li>However, the Indians were the first to use carbon pigments, in the so-called musi ink. </li><li>This technique was already widely used in southern India in the fourth century BC.</li></ul>

9. Ink

<ul><li>Fortune magazine named Narinder Singh Kapany an Indian-American physicist as one of the seven greatest unsung heroes of mankind for his invention of fibre optics. </li><li>He is also known as the ‘Father of Fiber Optics’ for his pioneering work in Fiber Optics technology.</li></ul>

10. Fiber optics

<ul><li>Ayurvedic medicine is considered to be the oldest health science, originated in India about 5000 years ago. </li><li>Ayurveda literally means "science of life". It is a word with 2 Sanskrit roots – AYU, meaning “life”, and VEDA, “knowledge or science”.</li><li> Ayurveda originated in the Vedas, the oldest literature in the world.</li></ul>

11. Ayurveda

<ul><li>A man with much praise, Ajay V. Bhatt an American-Indian computer architect made the USB, a small removable storage device that is capable of holding a large amount of storage and data transfer and is easy to carry and use. </li><li>The USB port he developed was adapted and developed by tech giants, such as Apple and Microsoft. Even so, he did not make a dime from his invention</li><li> Ajay said that he didn't want to do anything for money, but wanted to bring about change and innovation in technology.</li></ul>

12. The USB (Universal Serial Bus) 

<ul><li>It is a physical and mental discipline that is practised by millions of people worldwide for living a healthy and peaceful life but not many know that Yoga was actually introduced by Indians. </li><li>The first forms of yoga would have taken place between 10,000 and 5,000 BC.</li></ul>

13. Yoga

The Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft was the first to prove the existence of water on the Moon, in September 2009. The discovery of lunar water is attributed to the Chandrayaan mission.

14.Existence of Water on the Moon

Being one of the oldest civilizations in the world, it is not surprising that India gave many important inventions to the world. Here 15 most amazing inventions and discoveries that actually were invented in India or by Indians:

Science

15 Greatest Inventions You Probably Didn’t Know Were Actually Invented By Indians Or In India

full name in Vedic texts is Bharadvaja Barhaspatya , his father name was Brihaspati and His mother was Mamata, wife of Utathya Rishi .

3. Maharishi Bhardwaj 

<a href="https://12monthview.com/shivkar-bapuji-talpade/">Maharishi Bharadwaj </a>was one of our ancient great scientists. His life was simple. Maharishi Bharadwaj got the privilege of meeting Shri Ram twice in Tretayuga. Once in the exile period of Shri Ram and for the second time Shri Ram had met on his return to Ayodhya from Sri Lanka. It is mentioned in Maharishi Valmiki’s book Ramayana and Tulsi Das’s Ram Charit Manas. His ashram was a short distance away from Prayagraj Sangam, which is still there today..

His Meetings With Shree Ram

The names of the children (progeny) of Maharishi Bharadwaj are Drona , Garga, Ilavida, Katyani, Shruvati. Maharishi Bharadwaj had two daughters. Maharishi Bharadwaj composed more books, among them Yatra Sarvastra and Vimana Shastra, Grammar, Ayurveda, Dhanurveda Arthashastra, Political Science and Purana.

Contributions 

Even today the discussion of <a href="https://12monthview.com/shivkar-bapuji-talpade/">Vimana Shastra </a>takes place among us. Charak Rishi has called Maharishi Bharadwaj as one of infinite age. He composed the <a href="https://12monthview.com/shivkar-bapuji-talpade/">Vimana Shastra </a>before 600 Era. In this, passenger aircraft, fighter aircraft and space satellites (aircraft flying in the second planet) have also been mentioned. The first book on Vimana Shastra is the name of Maharishi Bharadwaj, which is more than 1500 years old.

VIMANA SHASTRA

Some interesting things have been written in this book which has been told by <a href="https://voices.shortpedia.com/karan-kapoor/shivkar-bapuji-talpade-first-aircraft-inventor/?amp">Shivkar Bapuji Talpade</a> that 8 chapters are written in it and it has 100 volumes in which the detail of making the aircraft is described. Maharishi Bharadwaj has written 500 principles of aircraft making. And in this book there are 32 meathod to make vimana i.e. 1 vimana can become 1 method, 2 vimana 2 meathod such that 500 vimana can become 32 mathod se. Vimana Shastra has 3000 verses, 100 sections and 8 chapters.

Shivkar Bapuji Talpade

Vaimanik Shastra is a part of Bharadwaj’s Yantra Sarvasva. It is also known as Brihadvimana Shastra. Vaimanika Shastra explains in detail about aeronautics, including how to use them for aircraft design and applications. The knowledge of aeronautics is described in Sanskrit in 100 volumes, eight chapters, 500 principles and 3000 verses. The great sage Bharadwaja explained the construction of the aircraft and how to fly it in the air, on land, over water and using a single aircraft like a sub-sea.

YATRA SARVASTRA (Brihadvimana Shastra)

He also described the construction of warplanes and fighter planes. Vaimanika Shastra explains the metals and alloys and other essential materials to make an aircraft indestructible in any condition. Along with the treatise are pictures of three types of airplanes – “Sundar”, “Shukna” and “Rukma”. The vimanas are classified into three types – Mantrika, Tantrik and Krutaka, corresponding to different eras or eras. The aircraft used in Kali Yuga, the running Yuga is called Krutakaviman, which is flown with engine power.

SUNDAR, SHUKNA, RUKMA

Bhardwaj says that there are thirty-two secrets of aeronautical science. Some of these are astonishing and some point ahead of our time. For example the mystery of the “Para Shabd Griha”, i.e. a cabin for listening to conversations in another aircraft, is explained by a detailed description of an electrically working sound-receiver that did the trick. The construction of different types of equipment and putting them together to make an aircraft is also described.

SECRETS SCIENCE

Maharishi Bhardwaja newrepublic.com Maharishi Bhardwaj full name in Vedic texts is Bharadvaja Barhaspatya, his father name was Brihaspati and His mother was Mamata, wife of Utathya Rishi . chiraan.com Maharishi Bharadwaj was one of our ancient great scientists. His life was simple. Maharishi Bharadwaj got the privilege of meeting Shri Ram twice in Tretayuga. Once […]

Jai Hind

Maharishi Bhardwaj– First to share about Aircrafts 

Incandescent light bulbs existed before Thomas Edison, and when other inventors got wind of Edison's tinkerings, they roundly sued him for patent infringement. So what did Edison actually do? He discovered that a special species of bamboo had a higher resistance to electricity than carbonized paper, which means it could more efficiently produce light. Edison got rich off the bamboo, and from superior manufacturing and marketing of his product. Like all great inventions, the light bulb can’t be credited to one inventor. It was a series of small improvements.

LIGHT-BULB

Speaking of building bikes, that's exactly what Orville and Wilbur Wright did before they became the first team to fly a heavier-than-air machine. When the Wrights asked the Smithsonian for all available information on the history of flight in 1899, they opened  a history that had begun with DaVinci's scribbling and continued all the way to the 19th century gliders of Otto Liliental.But the Wrights solved one of the most nagging problems of airplane developers -- stability -- by having "a single cable warp the wing and turn the rudder at the same time."

THE AIRPLANE

Samuel Morse was with friends and debating electromagnetism when he realized that if an electrical signal could travel instantly across a wire, why couldn't information do the same? The telegraph was invented by not only Morse, but also Charles Wheatstone, Sir William Fothergill Cooke, Edward Davy, and Carl August von Steinhiel so near to each other that the British Supreme Court refused to issue one patent. It was Joseph Henry, who discovered that coiling wire would strengthen electromagnetic induction. Of Morse's contribution -- application of electromagnets to boost signal strength.

TELEGRAPH

Alexander Graham Bell invented a technology that would later bear his name. But how much did he deserve it? The problem that Bell solved was to turn electrical signals into sounds. Philip Reis had already designed a sound transmitter in 1860, and Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz had already built a receiver. Bell's real contribution was "to vary the strength of the current to capture variations in voice and sound," Lemley writes. He was racing against Thomas Edison. Even Bell's final product -- which combined transmitter, fluctuating current, and receiver -- had company.

TELEPHONE

Most of these stories here are about how we mistake incremental improvements. But the story of the movie projector is a story about theft. Francis Jenkins built what we consider the ur-instrument of the motion-picture industry with a projector that showed strips of films for 1/24th of a second, creating the illusion of moving pictures. But his financial backer stole the Jenkins prototype and sold it to a theater chain, which called it the "Edison Vitascope" for no better reason than the word Edison was familiar and useful for branding. His legacy here was mostly the work of a thief.

THE MOVIE PROJECTOR

The car industry represents the epitome of incremental innovation. Take a tricycle. Add an engine. You've got a car. (Just look at the picture of the the original Benz Motorwagen from 1885). Condensing the invention of cars to those six words leaves out a lot of detail and a few main characters. It was Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach who designed the first four-wheel car with a four-stroke engine and Henry Ford who perfected the assembly line. But the long story short is that the car was a typical "invention" that was far too complicated for one person to conceive on his won.

THE AUTOMOBILE

The fabric cotton comes from cotton fibers that mix with seeds in the pods of cotton plants. To make the fabric, therefore, you have to separate the fibers from the seeds. For centuries this was done mostly by hand, until Eli Whitney "invented" the cotton gin in 1793. Five years earlier, in 1788, Joseph Eve developed his own mechanized self-feeding roller gin. In 1795, John Barcley filed a patent on a gin featuring circles of teeth -- awfully similar to Whitney's wire-tooth model.In short, the modern cotton gin was a eureka moment that multiple inventors experienced.

COTTON GIN

The "Farnsworth Invention" was named after Philo T. Farnsworth, the nominal father of television. But his invention was neither his nor an invention. In 1927, Farnsworth projected a straight line on a machine he called the Image Dissector, which is truly the basis for the all-electronic television. One key was the cathode ray tube, but the cathode ray tube itself has so many fathers that it's difficult to say exactly who invented even the central organ of the television."It may be accurate to describe Farnsworth as an inventor of the television, but surely not as the inventor,"

TELEVISION

<ul><li>Alexander Fleming discovered the anti-bacterial properties of penicillin because a sample of bacteria had accidentally been contaminated with mold.</li><li>Charles Goodyear discovered vulcanized rubber when a batch of rubber was accidentally left on a stove; Goodyear had thought that heat was a problem for rubber, not solution.</li><li>Wilson Greatbatch developed the pacemaker when he accidentally grabbed the wrong resistor from a box when he was completing a circuit.</li><li>Louis Daguerre invented film when, having failed to produce an image on an iodized silver plate.</li></ul>

Four inventors they're almost all accidents

The Atlantic covers news, politics, culture, technology, health, and more, through its articles, podcasts, videos, and flagship magazine.

Forget Edison: This is How History's Greatest Inventions Really Happened

These days, practically anyone can be an inventor. You don't have to be an expert in a field to contribute. You can become an inventor simply by having an idea and refining it.

Anyone can be an inventor

Inventions start with a good idea. And a good idea comes from inspiration. Advice from successful entrepreneurs and invention experts:<ul><li>Limor Fried, Founder and Lead Engineer at Adafruit, states that he gets inspiration from a Show and Tell they do every Wednesday in a live Google+ hangout.</li><li>Eric Hintz from The Smithsonian's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation says history shows that inventors often find the world irritating and want to fix it.</li></ul>

Ideas on ideation

Step 1: Research and modelInventors start with representations before they make something.<ul><li>Research to find available materials and possible technologies to use.</li><li>Draw the idea with a pencil on paper.</li><li>Make a model using cardboard, tape and hot glue.</li><li>Create a 2-D and 3 D digital model.</li></ul> Step 2: ExperimentTest your prototype, improve it, then test again until there is no room for improvement. Use milling machines or 3-D printers. Step 3: FinalizeThe final prototype should be presentable to potential investors and customers. Hire expert help with your final creation if it's needed.

Prototyping

Most inventions that die do so because they lack funding. Funding options include: <ul><li>Crowdfunding.</li><li>Competitions. In 2007, NASA used a competition to design the next generation of astronaut gloves.</li><li>Self-funding.</li><li>Investors. The best way to pitch your idea is with a personal connection or introduction. However, many VCs and angels publicly post their emails or are active on Twitter.</li><li>Outsourcing. License or sell your intellectual property as it can help others to apply your idea to their own needs.</li></ul>

Funding

Ideally, you will have a community of true believers who support your product. They should get your prototypes first as they will give valuable feedback and promote the product. <ul><li>A broader reach is possible by spreading information at conferences, meetups, and hackathons and write about it in forums and blogs.</li><li>The media is also a valuable source to reach new audiences.</li><li>Grab every opportunity for an interview.</li><li>Use feedback and market research to determine demand and set the pace for scaling up.</li></ul>

Product to market

All inventions start as an idea—here's how to make them happen.

Stashed ideas

The inventor's handbook

<ul>
<li>Plastics are so common now that we cannot imagine life without them.</li>
<li>The first use of plastics can be seen by the Olmecs in Mexico, playing a rubber ball in 1500 BCE.</li>
<li>Polymers, the main component of all plastics, are made of carbon by a process of replicating the extremely long molecule by reacting it to itself.</li>
</ul>
Natural polymers are also made of other components like rubber, silicone and even DNA.

Plastics: A Primer

<ul><li>Charles Goodyear patented ‘vulcanized’ rubber(mixing it with sulphur for durability) in 1840, creating it for the bicycle and later for cars.</li><li>Wood has cellulose which itself is a polymer that makes it durable.</li><li>The malleability of plastic also made it the raw material of the movie industry in 1870, marking the debut of celluloid(cellulose and camphor).</li><li>Apart from the film and vehicle industry, polymer plastics were also used in electrical switches in submarines in 1851.</li></ul>

The Versatility Of Plastics

The first synthetic plastics, made using fossil fuels instead of plants or animals, came out in 1929. Polystyrene, polyester and polythene were some of the derivatives of synthetic plastics, driven mainly by the war industry.Petrochemical companies then targeted the mass market with products like Tupperware and for bottling soft drinks and milk.

Synthetic Plastics

<ul><li>An unexpected property of synthetic plastics is that they last forever, as no organism can digest these complicated, alien materials that litter our planet for thousands of years.</li><li>Plastic junk and micro-plastic particles are littering our oceans in giant floating mountains inside.</li><li>New advances in polymers that can decompose can help us in warding off this existential crisis due to non-compostable plastics harming our animal, sea and plant life</li></ul>

Environmental Damage By Synthetic Plastics

From cheap toys to woolly jumpers, plastic can be found in more products than many people realise.

15 Greatest Inventions You Probably Didn’t Know Were Actually Invented By Indians Or In India

Maharishi Bhardwaj– First to share about Aircrafts

Forget Edison: This is How History's Greatest Inventions Really Happened

The inventor's handbook

A brief history of plastics, natural and synthetic

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