As a response to the growing global obesity epidemic, the food industry along with the help of the academia, traditionally suggested removing fat, salt, and increasing sugar from products. However, reformulation has it's own limitations:<ol><li>Reformulation can create a "health halo" around food thus prompting people to eat more of it than they otherwise would.</li><li>Consumers increasingly equate healthiness with preserving food's natural properties but not its nutritional profile.</li></ol>

Reformulation's Limits

The most effective way for food marketers to help consumers be mindful about their health is to encourage healthier food choices. Research show that:<ol><li>Cognitive nudges provide information about food product healthiness, often employing a nutrition label or symbol.</li><li>Affective nudges attempt to motivate consumers to eat better using written or oral encouragement.</li><li>Behavioral nudges seek to impact consumers' actions directly be emphasizing convenience by making healthy choices easier than unhealthy choices.</li></ol>

Healthy Eating Nudges Can Work

The wise person does not choose the largest amount of food, but the most pleasurable.

The behavioral epicurean approach attempts to make small food portions seem "normal." The epicurean approach is affective because it favors sensory pleasure. Researchers found that consumers choose cheap supersize portions that are larger than they realize which leads to overeating and food waste.Shoppers don't really notice size decreases more than increases and they don't react negatively when it happens that's why companies won't downsize their products.

Epicurean Food Marketing: Less Size, More Pleasure

Rather than selling food as fuel as if they were in the energy business, food marketers concerned about public health and the obesity epidemic should consider focusing on eating’s pleasure.

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Epicurean Food Marketing

<ul><li>We’re frequently told to eat a healthy diet. But for people with kidney disease, also called renal disease, eating a healthy diet means having to make adjustments, perhaps no longer consuming a favorite meal or drink. The more advanced your kidney disease, the more restrictions you may have. Here are examples of six types of foods to avoid with renal disease.</li></ul>

Kidney Health

Animal products, like red meat, poultry, fish and eggs are higher-protein foods. You do need protein to help build muscle and repair tissue, but protein also leaves behind waste that your body must eliminate. It’s the kidneys’ job to do this and too much protein in your diet makes your kidneys work harder and could speed up kidney damage. But since some protein is still essential, you can get it from fruits and vegetables, along with low-sodium breads, rice and pasta.

High Protein Food

Salt, or sodium, is a common additive to many foods we enjoy, particularly processed foods. Healthy kidneys usually help maintain the right fluid balance, but if you have kidney disease, this may not be the case. So, avoid high-sodium products like soy sauce and packaged, processed foods. Choose low-sodium options and when cooking at home, try using spices and herbs for flavor, rather than adding salt. And leave the salt shaker off the table—it’s less tempting to use it.

Salt And Salty Food

Sliced cantaloupe melon on wooden cutting boardPotassium puts stress on your kidneys, so it must be limited in a kidney disease diet. Many fruits are high in potassium, such as melons, bananas, oranges, prunes and tomatoes, both eaten and in juices. The mineral is also higher in dairy products, avocados, bran, beans, lentils and nuts. You may be surprised to learn that dark-colored sodas are higher in potassium, as are fruit punches and prepared (canned and bottled) iced tea. Lower-potassium foods include apples, grapes, strawberries, cauliflower, white breads, pita, chicken and white rice.

Fruits and Vegetables High in Potassium

Glass of milk with stack of chocolate sandwich cookiesPhosphorus helps your body form bones and teeth, and it helps your body use carbohydrates and fats. But it is restricted if you’re following a diet for stage 4 kidney disease. Foods to avoid include dairy products, chocolate, seasoned and processed foods, baking powder, whole-grain breads, bran cereal and oatmeal, nuts, sunflower seeds, and again, dark-colored colas.

Foods With Phosphorus, or Phosphate

Large chunk of Vermont white cheddar cheeseAnother important mineral is calcium, but calcium is hard on the kidneys. The most widely known foods that contain calcium are dairy products, but it’s also found in many of the same foods that have high phosphorus levels. So, by avoiding those foods, you are helping decrease both phosphorus and calcium in your diet. If you take a calcium or vitamin D supplement, mention this to your doctor as you may have to stop taking it.

High-Calcium Foods, Including Calcium Supplements

lose-up-of-three-white-red-rose-wine-glassesMost people know alcohol can affect your liver, but did you know it also can affect your kidneys? Researchers have found if your liver is compromised or injured, your kidneys can become more damaged as they try to compensate for the injured liver when you drink alcohol. Alcohol is also dehydrating to your body and this can affect how well your kidneys filter out the toxins. In addition, high blood pressure is damaging to the kidneys and too much alcohol can raise blood pressure.

Alcoholic Drinks

Foods to avoid with kidney disease include those high in sodium, potassium or phosphorus, which can place stress on the kidneys and cause waste buildup. Learn what to avoid on a kidney disease diet and how to manage renal diet restrictions in your daily meals.

Health

6 Types of Foods to Avoid When You Have Kidney Disease

Who doesn’t want a healthy immune system? (Raise your hand. No one?) But did you know the role your diet plays in keeping it in top shape to protect you from toxins and infections?Sadly, too many of us don’t eat enough of the fresh fruits, vegetables and other foods we need to keep ourselves healthy year-round. Healthy foods provide many substances including vitamins and minerals to keep us strong and healthy. You can’t just eat an orange or grapefruit or pop a vitamin pill and expect one quick burst of vitamin C to prevent a cold and to boost your immune system.

8 Vitamins & Minerals You Need for a Healthy Immune System

“A truly healthy immune system depends on a balanced healthy diet over time,” says registered dietitian Maxine Smith. “It’s like training for a battle and preparing your body ahead of time so it can through a good punch when attacked by viruses, bacteria and toxins. Other lifestyle practices such as regular exercise and good sleep will better prepare you for the battle.” With some exceptions, it’s best to get your vitamins and minerals from your food rather than in pill form. Smith shares some tips for some of the top vitamins and minerals your immune system needs to perform:

Vitamin C may help prevent infections or shorten their stay. Citrus fruits are a standout, but did you know there are other good sources? It’s true! Smith recommends the following:• Spinach.• Kale.• Bell peppers.• Brussels sprouts.• Strawberries.• Papaya. Fun fact: vitamin C is in so many foods that most people may not need to take supplements unless a doctor advises it. Consult with your doctor before taking any vitamin C supplements.

1. Vitamin C

Like vitamin C, vitamin E can be a powerful antioxidant that helps your body fight off infection. This important vitamin — part of nearly 200 biochemical reactions in your body — is critical in how your immune system functions. To get your vitamin E, think high-fat plant foods such as:• Almonds.• Peanuts/peanut butter.• Sunflower seeds. • Oils such as sunflower, safflower, and soybean oil.• Hazelnuts.

2. Vitamin E

Vitamin A is an infection-fighter and comes in two forms: preformed such as in animal foods such as fish, meat and dairy or from plant carotenoids. Tuna is a great source of preformed vitamin A. When it comes to carotenoids, go colorful: • Carrots.• Sweet potatoes.• Pumpkin.• Butternut squash.• Cantaloupe.• Dark green leafy vegetables.

3. Vitamin A

Known as the sunshine vitamin, it’s one of the most important and powerful nutrients for supporting the immune system. Food sources are limited but include:  • Salmon. • Mackerel.• Tuna.• Sardines.• Vitamin D fortified like milk, orange juice and cereals. In general, it’s best to get most of your vitamins from food, but vitamin D may be the exception to that rule. Talk with your doctor to find out if you need a supplement.

4. Vitamin D

Folate is the natural form and folic acid is the synthetic form, often added to foods because of its health benefits. To get more folate, add more beans and lentils to your plate on a regular basis, as well as leafy green vegetables. Avocado is another tasty source. You can also get folic acid in fortified foods (check the label first).• Enriched pasta.• Enriched bread.• Enriched rice.

5. Folate/folic acid

Iron, which helps your body carry oxygen to cells, plays a part in many of the immune system processes. It comes in different forms. Your body can more easily absorb heme iron (aka iron from animal products), which is abundant in:Read meat (limit to smaller amounts and less often).• Chicken.• Turkey.• Canned sardines.• Oysters.• Clams.• Mussels.• Canned light tuna.if yyou're a vegetarian,have no fear. You can still find iron in:• Beans.• Broccoli.• Kale.• Iron-fortified cereals.

6. Iron

Selenium seems to have a powerful effect on the immune system being important for preventing infections. Animal foods are the best sources, with the exception of Brazil nuts, that offer a whopping greater than 100% daily value in one nut. However, too much can be a problem, so keep to no more than one to two of these in a day. Look for selenium in: • Seafood (tuna, halibut, sardines).• Meat and liver.• Poultry.• Cottage cheese.

7. Selenium

Zinc is needed for the production of new immune system cells. It’s found primarily in animal foods but can be also found in some vegetarian food like.  • Oysters.• Crab.• Lean meats and poultry.• Baked beans.• Yogurt.• Chickpeas.

8. Zinc 

Depending on where you live and what time of year it is, you can’t always get your hands on high-quality fresh produce. Keep in mind that buying frozen is a good option and can be quite convenient in our time-crunched world. Frozen food can still boost your immune system. “Manufacturers freeze frozen fruits and veggies at ‘peak’ ripeness, which means they’ll pack a similar nutritional value as their fresh counterparts,” she says. “Just choose plain frozen foods rather than those with added sugars or sodium.”​

Choose frozen when you can’t get fresh

Who doesn't want a healthy immune system? (Raise your hand. No one?) But did you know the role your diet plays in keeping it in top shape to protect you from toxins and infections?

Health 

8 Vitamins for an Immune System Boost

Eyesight is one of man’s most precious possessions and to lose it totally, or even partially, is indeed a tragedy. Before we consider the care of the eyes and preservation of eyesight, let us examine the Structure and Functions of the eye.Structure and Functions of the Eyes.The eye can be compared to the camera and its component parts. The refractive system of the eye via cornea and lens, correspond to the lens of the camera.The iris and the pupil correspond to the diaphragm and its variable aperture, in the camera. The retina corresponds to the photographic film of the camera.

How To Take Care of Your Eyes Properly

Eyesight is one of the most precious possessions and to lose it, is indeed a tragedy. So, it is important to take special care of the eyes.

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How To Take Care of Your Eyes Properly? » Health » FreakToFit

It occurs when food that has some healthy qualities is seen as being virtuous in all respects.
For example, many people think that organic foods are healthier because they're lower in calories and higher in fibre than their conventionally grown counterparts. But the term "organic" refers to agriculture practices and has nothing to do with health or nutrition.

The “health halo” effect

Many people fall victim to a health aura of some foods:
<ul>
<li>Fitness branding may make dieters eat more and exercise less. In one study, people trying to lose weight consumed more trail mix when the package labeled it as a "fitness" snack. The participants also exercised less when they were offered the "fitness" snack.</li>
<li>Another study found that people who brought reusable shopping bags bought more organic foods, but they also chose more "indulgent " foods, like candy and chips.</li>
</ul>
To avoid being influenced by the health halo effect, ignore buzzwords, slogans, and images that make foods appear more healthful than they are.

Epicurean Food Marketing

6 Types of Foods to Avoid When You Have Kidney Disease

8 Vitamins for an Immune System Boost

How To Take Care of Your Eyes Properly? » Health » FreakToFit

Beware of the Health Halo | Berkeley Wellness

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