Every time we express gratitude, we invoke a social world. Often, we invoke a world without realizing its full force. For instance, when we use a language of gratitude characterized by economic metaphors, it can shape our view of the world and our social relationships, encouraging us to see life itself as a series of transactions. Being more conscious about our linguistic conventions and the potentials of our choices can empower us to create a world we really desire.

Gratitude, Always Builds Up The Moment

With a fair attitude and approach, one can always expect good results.

Learning from other languages and cultures of gratitude, perhaps Americans can make “thank you” less casual and more heartfelt.

Growth concepts

A Multi-Cultural Perspective on Gratitude

If you were to play a word association game with a school-aged child, you’d be pretty unlikely to get a response of ‘cool’ when you asked them what word first came into their mind when you said ‘maths’. Despite what some people may tell you, maths is far from dull. On the contrary, there are plenty of fun and strange maths-related facts out there that will fascinate children of all ages. To prove this, we’ve compiled a list of 20 cool facts about maths which we encourage you to share with the children in your life.

20 Cool Facts About Maths 🔢

1. The word “hundred” comes from the old Norse term, “hundrath”, which actually means 120 and not 100.2. In a room of 23 people there’s a 50% chance that two people have the same birthday.3. Most mathematical symbols weren’t invented until the 16th century. Before that, equations were written in words.4. "Forty” is the only number that is spelt with letters arranged in alphabetical order.5. Conversely, “one” is the only number that is spelt with letters arranged in descending order.6. From 0 to 1000, the only number that has the letter “a” in it is “one thousand”.

7. ‘Four’ is the only number in the English language that is spelt with the same number of letters as the number itself.8. Every odd number has an “e” in it.9. The reason Americans call mathematics “math”, is because they argue that “mathematics” functions as a singular noun so ‘math’ should be singular too.10. Markings on animal bones indicate that humans have been doing maths since around 30,000BC.11. “Eleven plus two” is an anagram of “twelve plus one” which is pretty fitting as the answer to both equations is 13.12. Also, there are 13 letters in both “eleven plus two” and “twelve plus one”

13. Zero is not represented in Roman numerals.14. The word “mathematics” only appears in one Shakespearean play, “The Taming of the Shrew”.15. -40 °C is equal to -40 °F.16. In France, a pie chart is sometimes referred to as a “camembert”.17. The symbol for division (i.e.÷) is called an obelus.18. 2 and 5 are the only prime numbers that end in 2 or 5.19. A ‘jiffy’ is an actual unit of time. It means 1/100th of a second.m20. If you shuffle a deck of cards properly, it’s more than likely that the exact order of the cards you get has never been seen before in the whole history of the universe.

Looking for ways to show your children that maths isn't the dull subject they think it is? Well, we've got you covered with 20 cool facts about maths.

Interesting 

20 Cool Facts About Maths | Blog

Bel canto (Italian for "beautiful singing" or "beautiful song" )—with several similar constructions (bellezze del canto , bell'arte del canto )—is a term with several meanings that relate to Italian singing.

What is Bel Canto

Since the bel canto style flourished in the 18th and early 19th centuries, the music of Handel<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel"> </a>and his contemporaries, as well as that of Mozart and Rossini, benefits from an application of bel canto principles. Operas received the most dramatic use of the techniques, but the bel canto style applies equally to oratorio, though in a somewhat less flamboyant way. Nonetheless, singers needed to keep the emotional drama moving forward, and so they used the principles of bel canto to help them render the repeated material in a new emotional guise.

When bel canto appeared

Two famous 18th-century teachers of the style were Antonio Bernacchi<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Bernacchi"> </a>(1685–1756) and Nicola Porpora<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Porpora"> </a>(1686–1768), but many others existed. A number of these teachers were castrati. Singer/author John Potter declares in his book Tenor: History of a Voice that:"For much of the 18th century castrati defined the art of singing; it was the loss of their irrecoverable skills that in time created the myth of bel canto , a way of singing and conceptualizing singing that was entirely different from anything that the world had heard before or would hear again."

Bel canto teachers

One reason for the eclipse of the old Italian singing model was the growing influence within the music world of bel canto's detractors, who considered it to be outmoded and condemned it as vocalization devoid of content. To others, however, bel canto became the vanished art of elegant, refined, sweet-toned musical utterance. Rossini lamented in a conversation that took place in Paris in 1858 that: "Alas for us, we have lost our bel canto".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_canto#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne19941-11"> </a>

Why bel canto disappeared

Franz Sieber wrote: "In our time, when the most offensive shrieking under the extenuating device of 'dramatic singing' has spread everywhere, when the ignorant masses appear much more interested in how loud rather than how beautiful the singing is, a collection of songs will perhaps be welcome which – as the title purports – may assist in restoring bel canto to its rightful place."

Franz Sieber on bel canto

Bel canto

The term Generation Z refers to the generation born between the late 1990s and the late 2000s. They are generally children of Generation X (1965-1980). The generation that preceded Generation Z is that of Millennials, while the next generation, which includes those born from 2010 onwards, was called Generation Alpha. An important aspect of this generation is their widespread use of the Internet since childhood. Generation Z members are considered to be accustomed to the use of technology and social media, which significantly affects their socialization process. Therefore, "digital natives".

Digital Natives

D r Sarah Ogilvie is a linguist, lexicographer and computer scientist at Harris Manchester College, Oxford, who works at the intersection of technology and the humanities. With Roberta Katz, Jane Shaw and Linda Woodhead, she is the author of Gen Z, Explained: The Art of Living in a Digital Age , which paints an optimistic portrait of a much misunderstood generation that has never known a world without the internet.

An Optimistic Portrait

Born since the mid-1990s, members of Generation Z comprise the first generation never to know the world without the internet, and the most diverse generation yet. As Gen Z starts to emerge into adulthood and enter the workforce, what do we really know about them? And what can we learn from them? Gen Z, Explained is the authoritative portrait of this significant generation.

Internet Generation

It draws on extensive interviews that display this generation’s candor, surveys that explore their views and attitudes, and a vast database of their astonishingly inventive lexicon to build a comprehensive picture of their values, daily lives, and outlook. Gen Z emerges here as an extraordinarily thoughtful, promising, and perceptive generation that is sounding a warning to their elders about the world around them—a warning of a complexity and depth the “OK Boomer” phenomenon can only suggest.

Extensive Interviews 

Much of the existing literature about Gen Z has been highly judgmental. In contrast, this book provides a deep and nuanced understanding of a generation facing a future of enormous challenges, from climate change to civil unrest. What’s more, they are facing this future head-on, relying on themselves and their peers to work collaboratively to solve these problems.

A Nuanced Understanding

As Gen Z, Explained shows, this group of young people is as compassionate and imaginative as any that has come before, and understanding the way they tackle problems may enable us to envision new kinds of solutions. This portrait of Gen Z is ultimately an optimistic one, suggesting they have something to teach all of us about how to live and thrive in this digital world.

How to Live in a Digital World

The linguist and computer scientist discusses her optimistic assessment of a misunderstood generation – and delves into the nuanced ways to text ‘OK’

Digital

Dr Sarah Ogilvie: ‘Generation Z are savvy – but I don’t get all their memes’

Once you start gaming, you’ll realize there’s a lot of jargon, slang, and acronyms floating around that you may have never heard before. You may wonder, are these actual words? Are they speaking Orcish or some other fantasy nerd language? Instead of widely known and easily digestible phrases like “Idk my bff Jill,” you’ll be tasked with deciphering sayings like “DL addons like HealBot and ElvUI,” “watch out for the AoE,” and “that dude got rekt!”. If none of that made sense and you’re already rolling your eyes, then you’re in luck because this article is totally perfect for you.

A GAMER'S DICTIONARY 

First, let’s cover ESRB ratings. The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB), as its name suggests, rates video games as a means of regulating the industry. You’ll often see a little section on the game’s front cover with its logo and a rating with a letter. This tells you the target audience for said video game. Kid-friendly platformers and the like are usually rated E for Everyone. Violent action games depicting blood and gore, on the other hand, tend to be M (for Mature). Here is a basic breakdown.

<ol><li> EC - Early childhood, intended for young children</li><li> E - Everyone, for all ages</li><li> E10+ - Everyone 10+, for ages 10 and up</li><li> T - Teen, for ages 13 and up</li><li> M - Mature, for ages 17 and up</li><li> AO - Adults Only, for ages 18 and up</li><li> RP - Rating Pending, not yet assigned a final rating</li></ol>With that out of the way, let’s go over game genres. We’ll be skipping things like sports, action, adventure, racing, and fighting because they’re self-explanatory, but we’ll help you figure out all those acronyms you’ve been hearing.

ESRB Rating Guide

1) 3PS / TPS / OTS<ul><li>Third-Person Shooter / Over the Shoulder. These games include titles like Gears of War, The Division, Mass Effect, and more.</li></ul>2) 4X <ul><li>“eXplore, eXpand, eXploit, and eXterminate” games are a very popular subgenre of strategy games. Think the Civilization series.</li></ul>3) CCG <ul><li>Collectible Card Game. Most popular one out there right now? Hearthstone.</li></ul>4) FPS<ul><li>First Person Shooter. With such a large audience, you should know what these are by now: Battlefield, Call of Duty, Halo, CounterStrike, etc.</li></ul>

Genres

5) MMO<ul><li>Massively Multiplayer Online. This is more of a general term regarding online games intended for a large player base. It can cover a variety of genres, such as FPS, RPG, and more. The most well-known, World of Warcraft, is an MMORPG.</li></ul>6) MOBA <ul><li>Multiplayer Online Battle Arena. A recent genre that has gained serious momentum and involves controlling a single hero/champion in a team-based game that looks a bit like an RTS. Top contenders (with large eSports prize pools, too!) include League of Legends and Dota 2.</li></ul>

7) RPG<ul><li>Role-Playing Game. Put on your robe and wizard hat and go on an adventure. Or don your armor and sharpen your swords. Skyrim, The Witcher 3, Fallout 4, etc. (You know, those games that take way too long to finish.)</li></ul>8) RTS<ul><li>Real-Time Strategy. A strategy game that plays out without pausing, usually tasking you to build structures and armies to take out opponents before they can do the same.</li></ul>9) SIM<ul><li>Simulation. Includes everything from Farming Simulator and Flight Simulator to Job Simulator in VR.</li></ul>

Once you’re finished installing and have gotten into your game, there are going to be a lot of things thrown at you very quickly. If you’re playing a single-player game, you can progress at your own speed and look things over. On the other hand, multiplayer experiences tend to be more hectic, and when you end up Googling things, you’re going to want to have at least some entry-level knowledge.

1) 1-Up <ul><li>Everyone should know this. Ever since Mario, the 1-Up stands for an extra life.</li></ul>2) Adds <ul><li>“Additional Monsters.” When fighting a boss monster, it will sometimes summon additional things for you to fight.</li></ul>3) Aggro <ul><li>“Aggravated” or “Aggravation.” When you have aggro, that means the monster is focused only on hitting you and no other players.</li></ul>

In-Game Terms

4) AoE <ul><li>“Area of Effect.” Refers to spells and abilities that work within a certain area rather than just against a single foe. Usually these are shown as green circles (while casting) and red circles when they inflict damage. Long story short: if you’re standing in a red circle and your health is going down, you’re doing it wrong.</li></ul>5) BoA<ul><li>“Bind on Account.” Usually found in MMOs, BoA items are things that once are picked up, cannot be transferred to another player; however, they can be moved or used on another character from the same account.</li></ul>

6) BoE<ul><li>“Bind on Equip.” Whereas BoA allows items to be shared among characters, BoE means the item is bound to one specific character once it’s been equipped and cannot be transferred.</li></ul>7) Buff / Debuff<ul><li>Beneficial / harmful effect on target. These are caused by spells, potions, and the like. Buffs and Debuffs can last for seconds, minutes, or even indefinitely, depending on the game and effect.</li></ul>8) Camp<ul><li>To stay in one spot. Commonly used in FPS when players hide around a corner or hallway to get the surprise drop on others.</li></ul>

9) CB / OB<ul><li>“Closed / Open Beta.” Terms used to refer to games that are still under development and are running tests before its final release. Closed means private or invite-only, and open means available to the public.</li></ul>10) CD<ul><li>“Cooldown.” Some abilities and items have cooldowns. After using it, you’ll have to wait a set time before you can use it again.</li></ul>11) DPS<ul><li>“Damage Per Second.” A measurement of damage done by a weapon or spell. “DPS” is also used—not as an acronym—to refer to certain, damage-focused classes in MMOs, such as rogues, mages, and hunters.</li></ul>

12) Dungeon<ul><li>A separate, closed-off area with its own bosses and monsters. Dungeons often have their own name, such as World of Warcraft’s “Ragefire Chasm.”</li></ul>13) EXP / XP<ul><li>“Experience Points.” The more points you have, the closer you are to reaching your next level. These can be used to measure character levels, faction reputations levels, skill levels, and more.</li></ul>14) FoV<ul><li>“Field of View.” The area of the world around you that is being displayed at once. A higher FoV means you’ll have more peripheral vision, but can result in distortion effects when set too high.</li></ul>

15) Grind<ul><li>To do something repetitively. You can grind quests, monsters, and even crafting. (e.g. leveling up leatherworking is going to take a lot of grinding.)</li></ul>16) HP<ul><li>“Health / Hit Points.” The measurement of how much damage you can take. Lose too much and you’ll end up dying.</li></ul>17) HUD / UI<ul><li>“Heads-Up Display” / “User Interface.” These are the things on the screen that display your character’s status: health, mana, equipped items, position in a race, and so on.</li></ul>

18) KDR / KR<ul><li>“Kill-to-Death Ratio.” On average, how many enemies you take out before being taken out yourself. A lot of players are obsessed with their KDR, as if it portrays how good they are. It may be relevant, but they can focus on this to the detriment of a team by forgetting about the game’s objective.</li></ul>19) Lag<ul><li>A technical problem that delays the game’s reaction to your input. If you pressed left-click to shoot and your character does it two seconds later, take a break from gaming until the problem has been fixed. Sticking with it will only lead to frustration.</li></ul>

20) Loot<ul><li>Items and drops. Loot can be found in defeated monsters, chests, and boss monsters. Usually harder monsters and bosses drop better loot.</li></ul>21) Mod<ul><li>Modification. Some games, such as Skyrim, support mods. Mods can range from a variety of content from bug fixes to new items to entirely new quest lines and game types.</li></ul>22) MP<ul><li>“Mana / Magic Points.” MP measures how much resource or casting ability you have. Spells will cost a certain amount per cast, and once you run out, you’ll have to replenish your meter before you can cast again.</li></ul>

23) NPC<ul><li>“Non-Player Character.” Characters that aren’t controlled by another living person. They can be quest givers, shop keepers, or just a random person sitting in town. They don’t always have to serve a narrative function.</li></ul>24) Ping<ul><li>Time in milliseconds for information to travel to the server and back. Lower ping is better. When people have high ping, commands and overall gameplay can be delayed, causing lag and leading to an unpleasant experience.</li></ul>25) PvE<ul><li>“Player vs Environment.” A game type that focuses on fighting monsters or other non-player enemies.</li></ul>

26) PvP<ul><li>“Player vs Player.” Fighting against other live players, whether it’s done in arenas, battlegrounds, or even in the open world. Online FPS are usually PvP in nature.</li></ul>27) QTE<ul><li>“Quick-Time Event.” Simon Says in video game form. To give the appearance of interaction, games will occasionally require a certain series of button presses to make a cool or important onscreen thing happen (e.g. make a character avoid falling boulders or stop them from tumbling down a cliff).</li></ul>

28) Raid<ul><li>A large-scale dungeon with multiple players. Whereas dungeons can be done solo or with a small group, raids usually consist of more than ten players fighting through a dungeon to get loot. Some old World of Warcraft raids took as many as 40 players working together to complete.</li></ul>29) Roll<ul><li>Randomly generated number from within set bounds defining a certain value or attribute, such as damage or power.</li></ul>

30) Skin<ul><li>An aesthetic change to an item or player. Generally, this doesn’t serve any other function other than to make your character look better (or worse). Games like CounterStrike offer skins in loot boxes, which can be sold for IRL (in-real-life) money.</li></ul>31)Tag<ul><li>A player’s online handle, or the act of aggro-ing a mob. Players tag multiple monsters and use AoE abilities on them to save time.</li></ul>

1) Cheese<ul><li>An underhanded strategy. Can also be used as a verb.</li><li>eg: He’s cheesing his way to victory.</li></ul>2) DC<ul><li>“Disconnect.” Often, players will disconnect and reconnect. Sometimes, it’s not their fault.</li><li>eg: Sorry about that, I dced.</li></ul>3) EZ<ul><li>“Easy.” A term that’s used derogatorily, denoting that a player had an easy time this match because their opposition was barely any competition.</li><li>eg: GG ez.</li></ul>3) Feeder / Feeding / Fed<ul><li>Someone who dies to the other team repeatedly, either intentionally or not. A player who benefitted from the feeder is referred to as “fed.”</li><li>eg: Why is our Vayne such a feeder?</li></ul>

Chat Terms

4) FF<ul><li>“Friendly Fire” or “Forfeit.” If your teammate shoots you and you take damage, that’s Friendly Fire. When it gets bad, your teammates may drop the FF (forfeit), so they can end the game.</li><li>eg: Hey! Watch the FF.</li><li>eg: Guys there’s no way we can win. Let’s ff.</li></ul>5) FTW<ul><li>“For the Win.” Normally used at the end of a comment after something happens such as killing an opponent before they kill you.</li><li>eg: Lol deagle FTW.</li></ul>6) Griefer<ul><li>A person who harasses or provokes other players on purpose to ruin their fun. (Don’t be a griefer.)</li><li>eg: Can you ban this griefer? He keeps setting my house on fire.</li></ul>

7) GG / BG<ul><li>“Good Game” / “Bad Game.” Usually written at the end of a game. People who show good sportsmanship usually write GG. Salty players will blame others and write BG.</li><li>eg: GG all.</li></ul>8) GG no re<ul><li>“Good Game, no remake / replay.” When you have a good game and you’re not going to play another round with the same people again.</li><li>eg: GG no re.</li></ul>9) Hacks / Hackz / Hax<ul><li>Cheating. If someone’s landing headshots left and right, he’s either very good or hacking. This can also refer to cheating software itself.</li><li>eg: That guy killed me through a wall. Hax!</li></ul>

10) HF<ul><li>“Have Fun.” Friendly term usually written at the start of a match.</li><li>eg: Gl hf everyone.</li></ul>11) IGN<ul><li>“In-Game Name.” The part of self-identification that’s equally hard as designing your character’s appearances and is frequently taken, so you need to add numbers to the end of it, making it look dumb.</li><li>eg: Let’s play WoW. What’s your ign?</li></ul>12) INC<ul><li>“Incoming.” Used as a warning for incoming monsters or players like “heads-up!”</li><li>eg: Hey, adds inc.</li></ul>13) LEET / 1337<ul><li>Short for “elite” and is also an alternative alphabet using symbols (leetspeak). Can be used as an adjective.</li><li>eg: This gun is leet.</li></ul>

14) LFG / LFM / LFP<ul><li>“Looking for Group / More / Party.” Commonly found in online multiplayer games when players are trying to run a dungeon or raid. Sometimes LFM includes a number denoting how many players are needed.</li><li>eg: LFG Deadmines.</li></ul>15) Noob / n00b / newb<ul><li>A player who is new at a game. Sometimes used to describe players who are performing poorly, regardless of their experience level.</li><li>eg: Stop being such a noob and get out of the fire.</li></ul>

16) OHKO<ul><li>“One-Hit Knock-Out.” A term often used in fighting games, which refers to a single attack that entirely depletes an opponent’s health.</li><li>eg: If you can perfect it, Jigglypuff’s pound is OP. OHKO city.</li></ul>17) OOM / OOR<ul><li>“Out of Mana / Resource.” When your mana or primary resource is depleted so you can’t cast abilities. Much faster to type during intense boss fights.</li><li>eg: Wait up, I’m oom.</li></ul>18) OP / Imba<ul><li>“Over Powered” / “Imbalanced.” Used to refer to items or characters that are too strong compared to other things in the game.</li><li>eg: Miss Fortune is OP atm.</li></ul>

19) OTW<ul><li>“On the Way.” Save some time typing with these three letters.</li><li>eg: OTW, wait for me.</li></ul>20) PK<ul><li>“Player Kill.” To kill another character controlled by a player. Used as a verb.</li><li>eg: Let’s go PK some noobs.</li></ul>21) PUG<ul><li>“Pick-Up Group.” A group composed of random strangers looking to complete the same objective, such as a dungeon.</li><li>eg: PUGs are so frustrating. No one knows how to play!</li></ul>22) QQ<ul><li>How you type the crying emoji without emojis. The circular part of the Q resembles eyes and the dash, tears.</li><li>eg: Stop QQing and git gud (get good).</li></ul>

23) Rekt / Owned / Pwned<ul><li>“Wrecked.” Players usually drop this one after a one-sided match. It can also be used when you outplay another player.</li><li>eg: Ya’ll just got rekt.</li></ul>24) Rez<ul><li>“Resurrect.” Request a rez if the healer doesn’t realize that someone has died.</li><li>eg: Hey… rez plz?</li></ul>25) Salty<ul><li>“Upset” or “bitter.” Dying too much or having someone complain the whole game can make you salty. Don’t let your saltiness evolve into toxic behavior.</li><li>eg: You salty bruh?</li></ul>26) Smurf<ul><li>An experienced player who makes a new character or account to play against lower-leveled players.</li><li>eg: Why’re you smurfing in Bronze?</li></ul>

27) Toxic<ul><li>Used to describe a person’s attitude and behavior. When a player starts complaining and cursing at others, he or she is being toxic.</li><li>eg: Keep being toxic and you’ll get banned.</li></ul>28) WTB / WTT / WTS<ul><li>“Wants to Buy / Trade / Sell.” In trade chat, users will use these to denote their intentions followed by an item or service.</li><li>eg: [WTB] 10 x Gold Ingots. [WTT] Potato for Tomato.</li></ul>29) Xpac<ul><li>“Expansion Pack.” A substantial package of new content for a game that wasn’t part of the initial release and usually costs money. As of 2017, World of Warcraft has released seven expansion packs.</li></ul>

1) Triple-A (AAA)Games that have a big budget, a lot of backing, and generally get a lot of praise from fans and critics. Your CoDs Battlefields, and such.2) BugCoding error with unintended results. Can be good or bad. Some bugs let you duplicate items, while others can break the game.3) DLC“Downloadable Content.” Ranges from small updates like a few new weapons to a full-blown campaign. Sometimes sold in groups as “Season Passes,” which are purchased in expectation of future content rather than after all of it is available.

Miscellaneous Terms

4) DRM“Digital Rights Management.” When a game has some form of DRM, that means there is software built into it that is intended to protect it from pirates.5) Easter EggHidden feature within the game left by a developer that usually takes effort to find. (E.g. Diablo II’s Secret Cow Level.)6) F2P“Free to Play.” Refers to games that are free to play and make money off ads, micro-transactions, or other means.7) LAN“Local Area Network.” Your home network. Some games will have the option for LAN play, so you can play with whoever’s connected to your home network.

8) P2P“Pay to Play.” Games that you need to purchase to play. Can also include micro-transactions.9) P2W“Pay to Win.” Games with micro-transactions that give buyers an upper hand over regular players. (e.g. the ability to buy stronger weapons, additional stat points, etc.)10) VOIP“Voice Over IP.” A program that lets you chat with others online. Some games have VOIP built-in. Players may also opt to use alternatives, like Discord, Ventrillo, Mumble, TeamSpeak, etc.

New to gaming? Don't know the lingo? Learn the abbreviations and phrases used by gamers. Click here to read our essential Glossary of Common Video Game Terms, on B&H Explora.