Heroes of old had encountered Amazons in the martial women’s kingdom, Themiscyra, on the southern shores of the Black Sea. Amazons had invaded Greece, their advance halted in a great battle. Herodotus related how they had been captured, carried away in Greek ships and escaped to the banks of the river Don, where they intermarried with Scythian tribesmen.No one knew where the name ‘Amazon’ came from, so the Greeks claimed it was derived from a-mazdos – without a breast: these fearsome women cut off their right breasts to remove an obstruction to the bowstring, it was claimed.

Amazon Women: History Vs Folklore

In the grasslands of inner Asia, from the Black Sea to western China, Scythian women had the same skills as their men: wielding bows, riding and herding animals, fighting – and dying from their injuries. Their remains have been found in tomb-mounds from the Crimea to western China.For centuries, women warriors en masse have been dubbed ‘Amazons’. Regiments of such women existed in Dahomey (in what’s now Benin) and in the Soviet air force, and the female fighters of Kurdistan have a formidable reputation.

Wonder Women: The Facts

<ul><li>These warrior women, it is reputed, lived on the river Thermedon (today's Terme), on the southern shores of the Black Sea.</li><li>In legend, they captured men and used them as studs, rearing only female children and killing the males.</li><li>The Amazon nation was the ultimate imagined threat to Greek machismo.</li></ul>

Hippolyte, Queen of The Amazons

<ul><li>There is no direct evidence that Greeks actually met any 'Amazons', but a story about Alexander the Great suggests that they did</li><li>In 330 BC, the ambitious Macedonian warrior had conquered Persia and was advancing eastward along the shores of the Caspian Sea (in present-day Iran).</li><li>Alexander was approached by a group of Scythians who included women, one of whom was their leader.</li><li>The group then vanished back into the heart of inner Asia, leaving the way open for the creation of a dramatic tale that provided a Greek name for a sex-hunting Scythian queen.</li></ul>

Scythian Women: An Encounter With Alexander The Great

<ul><li>Around 1500, a Spaniard named Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo wrote or adapted a series of novels about Amadís, a knight-errant from the fairytale country of Gaula (unconnected with Gaul or Wales).</li><li>In the stories, Califia was a formidable warrior, with a menagerie of 500 griffins that were fed on human flesh.</li><li>She lived in a realm called California or Califerne, an island-state near the lands newly discovered by Christopher Columbus.</li></ul>

Queen Califia: Amazonian women in the Middle Ages

<ul><li>Archaeological finds have raised intriguing questions about the status of Scythian women.</li><li>In 1969, a farmer noticed something glinting in newly ploughed earth near a 6-metre-high burial mound: a small piece of patterned gold.</li><li>Renowned Soviet archaeologist Kemal Akishev came to investigate and, excavating the burial mound, discovered a small skeleton surrounded by treasures.</li><li>The skull was too badly damaged for its sex to be determined, but the 'Golden Man' became the symbol of the nation when Kazakhstan emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union.</li></ul>

The Golden Wo-Man

<ul><li>In 1993, Russian archaeologist Natalia Polosmak unearthed a body embalmed with a mix of herbs, grasses, and wool, along with a tall headdress, revealing that the body was that of a woman.</li><li>The mummy became known as the 'Ice Maiden' or the 'Ukok Princess'.</li><li>She was taken to Novosibirsk for further study, and then on tour internationally.</li></ul>

The Ice Maiden of Siberia

<ul><li>This name has been applied to several all-female fighting groups, among them the regiment of female Soviet bomber pilots who fought in the Second World War, the most famous of whom was their founder, Marina Rasksova.</li><li>In the 1930s, the Soviet Union was recovering from years of war, revolution, and famine, and women were given opportunities in aviation, with the new government seeing this as an opportunity to unite and defend this vast nation</li><li>She became the first female Soviet navigator, and led a volunteer unit of 400 women fliers in three regiments: fighters, heavy bombers and night bombers</li></ul>

The Night Witch

In 2017, Hollywood remade the Amazon myth in a film with the tagline: “Before she was Wonder Woman, she was Diana, Princess of the Amazons.” The link between the two legends makes a convoluted story, its origins stretching back a century to the struggle for women’s rights.Wonder Woman made her debut in All Star Comics in December 1941, introduced with a semi-Greek backstory as the Amazonian princess of Paradise Island (later Themiscyra).

Wonder Woman: Diana, Princess of the Amazons

The Fearsome Ladies Of History: Amazonian Women

For centuries, women warriors en masse have been dubbed ‘Amazons’. But were Amazonian women real? Discover the truth here

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Amazonian Women: The Truth About These Real Female Warriors Who Inspired Wonder Woman | History Extra

<ul><li>Sir C.V Raman is best known for his work in the field of light scattering.</li><li> He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength, for which he received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930.</li><li>He was the first Asian and the first non-white person to receive any Nobel Prize in the sciences.</li></ul>

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (FRS)

<ul><li>Dr.Homi J.Bhabha was an Indian physicist who is often considered the father of <a href="https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/indian-nuclear-program">t</a>he Indian Nuclear Program.</li><li>Bhabha wrote to Prime Minister arguing that “within the next couple of decades, atomic energy would play an important part in the economy and the industry of countries ”</li><li>Bhabha founded a nuclear research center at Trombay which was later renamed the BARC</li><li>Central Intelligence Agency  was involved in order to paralyse India's nuclear program,the CIA was responsible for assassinating Homi Bhabha</li></ul>

Dr.Homi Jehangir Bhabha (FRS)

<ul><li>Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is well known as a founder of ISRO and involved in some major institution building efforts in India like the  Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad.</li><li>He conducted India's first space program</li><li>Dr Sarabhai started a project that would lead to the building of India’s first artificial satellite orbiting Earth. Launched in July 1976 named Aryabhata.</li><li>Chandrayaan 2 lander is named after Dr. Vikram Sarabhai</li></ul>

Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai

<ul><li>Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India</li><li>He was also there in India's first space program</li><li>He is known as the missile man of India</li><li>Kalam sir is one of the most respectable person in India.He was honored with India's the highest civilian Award "Bharat Ratna"</li><li>Everyone is India respects him and he is one of the most favorite scientist in India</li></ul>

Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

<ul><li>Ramanujan  was an Indian mathematician though he had almost no formal training in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_mathematics">pure m</a>athematics but he made substantial contributions to mathematics</li><li>Ramanujan was fascinated with numbers and made striking contributions to a branch of mathematics  .</li><li>1729, the Hardy-Ramanujan Number, is the smallest number which can be expressed as the sum of two different cubes in two different ways</li><li>December 22 is celebrated as National Mathematics Day in India in honour of mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan</li></ul>

Srinivasa Ramanujan (FRS)

<ul><li>Har Gobind Khorana was an Indian American biochemist</li><li>He got the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology for research in interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis</li><li>He also proved that the nucleotide code is always transmitted to the cell in groups of three, called codons</li><li>Khorana is also known for the discovery of visual pigment called rhodopsin.</li></ul>

Har Gobind Khorana

<ul><li>Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian mathematician and physicist specialising in theoretical physics. </li><li>He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, collaborating with Albert Einstein in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate</li><li>The 5th State of matter is called the "Bose-Einstein condensate"</li></ul>

Satyendra Nath Bose (FRS)

National Science Day is celebrated in India on 28 February each year to mark the discovery of the Raman effect by Indian physicist Sir C. V. Raman on 28 February 1928. For his discovery, Sir C.V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 "Treat me right and you will see the light…Treat me wrong and you will be gone!!"Happy Science Day!!!

These scientists helped India to grow better in Science and technology than other countries.

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