Sažetak predstavlja skraćeni tekst koji pokriva ključne tačke, činjenice i ideje iz teksta u tačnom redoslijedu kako to čini originalni tekst bez vlastitog mišljenja, a koji može biti napisan vlastitim riječima bez navođenja citata. Najbolje sažetke daje sam autor.Analiza je upravo suprotno sažetku. Ona daje prošireni, razrađeni, skicirani tekst koji pobliže objašnjava sve što bi čitaocu originalnog teksta moglo stvarati nedoumicu tokom čitanja. Analiza govori o uzrozima i posljedicama.

Sažetak i analiza

Glavna razlika između sažetka i analize leži u kontekstu izražavanja kroz pisanje.Sažetak predstavlja ideje i činjenice do kojih se dolazi kao zaključak, dok analiza razmatra ideje i činjenice kako bi ih slikovito potkrijepila.Što je još važnije, sažetak je koncizan, dok je analiza razrađena.

Sažetak naspram analize

Sažetak:Pomaže u poznavanju glavnih ideja, zapleta ili teme.Analiza:Pomaže u raspravi o idejama, zapletima ili temama.

Definicija

Sažetak:Jasna identifikacija činjenicaAnaliza:Razbija činjenice i njihovo istraživanje

Upotreba

Sažetak:Sažeto i kratko.Analiza:Razrađeno i živopisno

Veličina teksta

Sažetak:Ne donosi niti dolazi do zaključka.Analiza:Pomaže u optimalnom, ali i suštinskom zaključku

Zaključuje

Sažetak:Daje samo činjeniceAnaliza:Jasno objašnjava svaku činjenicu i preispituje svaki primjer činjenice.

Interpretacija

Pisanje teksta je umjetnost. Angažovanje čitaoca da čita sadržaj je uvijek izazov. Pravilna upotreba sažetka pomaže vam da natjerate čitaoca da čita dalje. U isto vrijeme, snažna analiza čini čitaoca zalijepljenim za napisani sadržaj. Iako je sažetak sažetak, mora biti napisan na način koji izaziva radoznalost kod čitalaca.Što je još važnije, dio analize mora ići ruku pod ruku u razvijanju nivoa radoznalosti za dalje čitanje. Štaviše, istraživanje i prikupljanje informacija igraju glavnu ulogu u pisanju oba bloka teksta. Uvijek se savjetuje prikupiti što više informacija prije pisanja teksta.

Zaključak

Kod pisanja sažetaka i analiza neophodno je dobro razumijevati pojmove i razlike između njih u teoretskom i praktičnom smislu.

Difference Between Summary and Analysis (With Table)

Difference Between Summary and Analysis (With Table) – Ask Any Difference

Pregled - izvješaj koji ističe mišljenje, ideje, temu i kako to utiče na druge. U engleskom jeziku se koristi riječ latinskog porijekla review.Recenzija - latinskog porijekla i gotovo pa je isključivo vezana za pregled teksta kojim se iznosi kritički stav. Detaljan pregled je zahtijevan za kvalitetnu recenziju.Sažetak - skraćeni tekst koji pokriva ključne tačke, činjenice i ideje iz teksta u tačnom redoslijedu kako to čini originalni tekst bez vlastitog mišljenja, a koji može biti napisan vlastitim riječima bez navođenja citata. Najbolje sažetke daje sam autor.

Pregled, recenzija i sažetak

Glavna razlika između pregleda i sažetka je u tome što pregled odražava ono što učesnik misli o naraciji u svim aspektima, dok je sažetak samo skraćena ili sažeta verzija artefakta koji daje suštinu cijelog tijela.

Pregled naspram sažetka

Pregled:Izveštaj o opštoj ideji naracije zajedno sa mišljenjem i analizom recenzenta.Sažetak:Sažeti izvještaj o narativu koji naglašava njegove glavne tačke.

Osnovna ideja

Pregled:Ne uključuje nužno tačne tačke subjekta i proteže se na vanjske aspekte subjekta (kao što je njegov učinak na ljude).Sažetak:Drži se tačnih tačaka teme i ne treba dodati nikakvu dodatnu materiju.

Dosljednost

Pregled:Mišljenje recenzenta igra veoma važnu ulogu i može se razlikovati od recenzenta do recenzenta.Sažetak:Mišljenja sažimača ne uključuje se u sažetak. Nije važno kako sažimač percipira temu.

Mišljenje učesnika

Pregled:Nije potrebno održavati tačan redoslijed za predstavljanje recenzije.Sažetak:Sažetak se nastavlja istim redoslijedom kao i sam subjekt.

Postupak

Pregled:Uključuje procjenu i kritičku analizu naracije u nekoliko aspekata i stoga može biti dugačak.Sažetak:Može biti prilično kratak jer je to samo suština naracije.

Veličina

Pregled i sažetak su vrlo blisko povezani pojmovi, a opet vrlo značajno različiti. Pregled svakako može značiti i sažetak, ali sažetak teško da može biti pregled koji iziskuje vlastito, kritičko mišljenje i osvrt.

Kod pisanja pregleda, recenzija i sažetaka neophodno je dobro razumijevati pojmove i razlike između njih u teoretskom i praktičnom smislu.

Difference Between Review and Summary (With Table)

Difference Between Review and Summary (With Table) – Ask Any Difference

our skills, achievements and qualifications are what really matter on your résumé, but how you present that information is just as important.

Designing Your Resume

ColourAs a general rule of thumb, choose a high-contrast color scheme — and stick to it. A safe color scheme is black (for general text), white (for the background) and a third color like red, green or blue (for headings).Layout This keeps text away from the edge of the page, which aids in the overall readability of your résumé. Increase or decrease the margin based on the content Font choose professional font - Calibri, Helvetica, Avenir, Georgia or Garamond.

Keep It Simple

<ul><li>Create an eye-catching header</li><li>Divide content into clear sections</li><li>Set headings for each section</li><li>Use bullet points</li><li>Use digits for numbers </li><li>organize with columns and tables </li></ul>

Content Hierarchy

Your résumé must always include these five essential sections:HeaderSummary or objectiveEmployment historyEducationSkills

Essential Sections

Try to keep your résumé to a maximum of two pages. If you’re just out of college and don’t have much work experience, meanwhile, one page will usually be more than enough.

Mind The 

Find out how to design your own winning résumé with these format and layout tips!

How to Design Your Résumé: 15 Formatting and Layout Tips

Labelled data is expensive, which makes benefiting from the current success in supervised learning unfeasible for smaller companies.However, good representations can be learned without any task-specific information from raw data.In self-supervised learning, labels are generated artificially. A common approach is to take multiple augmented views from the same source and contrast them to different sources.Many papers have proven that simply increasing the similarity (decreasing the distance in the embedding space) of such views from the same source can lead to strong representations.

Self-Supervised Learning

Good representations are expressive and make efficient use of the given dimensionality.We want the representations to be variant to contextual changes that are essential to a task and invariant to changes related to factors that we cannot control nor care about. While these invariances can largely be enforced through task-specific data augmentation, the efficient use of the dimensionality of the representations has to be achieved through clever algorithms.One way to look at this quality is through the variance of the representations, which shall not collapse for a given class of inputs.

Quality of Representations

While many recently proposed self-supervised learning algorithms prevent a collapse of the embedding-space implicitly through various methods like contrasting samples in a batch [<a class="idea-content-link" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.05709v3">SimCLR</a>] or clustering [<a class="idea-content-link" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09882">SwAV</a>], VICReg explicitly regularizes the embedding-space with three terms:<ul><li>The Variance of the embeddings should be above a given threshold.</li><li>Euclidian distance between embeddings of different views of the same image enforces Invariance to given augmentations.</li><li> Minimizing the Covariance of the embeddings decorrelates the components, thus efficiently making use of the given space.</li></ul>

VICReg

Contrastive Learning

Variance-Invariance-Covariance Regularization for Self-Supervised Learning

Srinivasan Keshav describes the three-pass approach which acts as a filtering system. It is an iterative and incremental way of reading a paper. It consists of: <ol><li>The First Pass: The bird's-eye view </li><li>The second pass: Grasp the content</li><li>The third pass: Virtually re-implement the paper</li></ol>

The Three Pass Approach 

Goal: To get the big picture of the paper Duration: Less than 10 minutes.Activity: Glancing over the following sections of paper: <ol><li>Abstract</li><li>Title</li><li>Introduction </li><li>Conclusion</li></ol>Ignore the content of section and sub-sections.

The First Pass: The bird’s-eye view

At the end of the first pass you should be able to answer:<ul><li>Category: What is the type of paper? Literature? Prototype?</li><li>Context: What other papers are related to this one? Can you connect it to something else?</li><li>Correctness: This is a validity measurement. Are the assumptions valid? Answer based on your hunch.</li><li>Contributions: Most papers have a contribution section at the beginning. Are these contributions meaningful? Are they useful? Which problems do they solve? Are these contributions novel?</li><li>Clarity: do you think that the paper is well written? Did you spot any grammar mistakes? Any typos?</li></ul>

The 5 C's 

Duration: Can take up to 1 hour. Activity:<ul><li> Read the complete paper. </li><li>Ignore details such as proofs or equations. </li><li>Take some notes at the margins of the paper and write down the key points.</li><li>Look at any type of illustration in the paper like tables and figures and see if you can spot any mistakes or discrepancies.</li></ul>At the end of the second pass it can happen that you still don’t understand what you’ve just read. Maybe this is not your field of expertise or you are lacking background information. Write down what you didn't get and fill the knowledge gap later.

The second pass: Grasp the content


Duration: Can take up to 4-5 hours if you're a beginner(you should carefully consider if this step is worth your time). Activity: <ul><li>Read the paper in its entirety and question every detail.</li><li>Make the same assumptions as the authors and re-create the work from scratch. You can virtually re-implement the steps in your head or use any tools(like flowcharts) that you may deem fit.</li></ul>At the end of this pass you should be an expert and know the paper’s strong and weak points. You can reconstruct the structure and explain to someone in simple language what the paper is all about.

The Third Pass:  Virtually re-implement the paper

Doing a literature survey is a bit different than reading a single paper. <ol><li>First pass: In the first pass you have to collect potentially useful papers. Find 3 to 5 recent papers. You can now continue with the usual first pass procedure. You can also skim through the references to see if the papers have any citations in common. Common citations are good candidates to include in your survey.</li><li>Second pass: Vist the author's websites and see if you can find any recent work. Download the commonly cited papers. </li><li>Third pass: Try to visit the websites of the top conferences or journals.</li></ol>

Doing A Literature Survey 

Use this only if you have to read the entire paper. <ul><li>Make little boxes: Surround equations, figures and tables with boxes. Do this during the first-pass. It will help to quantify how many details in terms of math equations you can expect. </li><li>Highlighters: Highlighters are a great tool to mark sections in your paper and give them distinctive meanings.</li><li>Mindmaps: There are no strict rules in creating mind maps. This may help you to get the big picture more visually and will refresh your memory about a paper after some time has passed.</li></ul>

Optional extensions(Part 1)

<ul><li>Pomodoro Sessions: If you feel intimidated by the paper and lack motivation, you can use the pomodoro technique. Start a 25 minute timer without any expectations and read the paper. </li><li>Feynman technique: Choose a concept you want to learn; pretend you're teaching it to someone with no prior knowledge; review your explanation and identify weak points; simplify your explanation. </li></ul>

Optional Extensions(Part 2)

Learn how to read scientific research papers in an effective way following the three-pass approach which is rarely taught at Universities.

Difference Between Summary and Analysis (With Table) – Ask Any Difference

Difference Between Review and Summary (With Table) – Ask Any Difference

How to Design Your Résumé: 15 Formatting and Layout Tips

Variance-Invariance-Covariance Regularization for Self-Supervised Learning

How To Read Scientific Papers

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