Health Benefits include the following:
	- Improves Brain Health
	- Weight Management
	- Lowers risk of disease
	- Strengthens Bones
	- Living Longer

What are the Health Benefits of Exercise?

One of the main health benefits seen with exercise comes in the form of brain health. After only one exercise session, you can observe a boost in your overall thinking abilities. Routine exercise can help your learning, judgement, and thinking abilities even as you age. In addition to that, exercise can reduce the risk of depression, lower symptoms of anxiety, and can help you sleep better.

Brain Health

Another one of the biggest, most obvious, health benefits of exercise is Weight Management.You gain weight when you consume more calories than you are able to burn. For this reason, exercise is incredibly useful since it allows you to maintain a balance between the amount of calories you consume, and the amount that you burn. Even moderate physical activity for 30 minutes each day can go an incredibly long way in maintaining your weight. In order to lose weight, one simply needs to exercise more.

Weight Management

Exercise can reduce the risk of the following:

Cardiovascular Disease: Heart Disease and Stroke are the two leading causes of death in the United States. For that reason, it is very important to exercise for enough time. 
Type 2 Diabetes: Exercise is able to reduce blood pressure which, in turn, leads to a lower chance of Diabetes.
Cancer: Although it does not stop cancer entirely, there are a handful of cancers that exercise can prevent: Bladder, Breast, Colon, and Kidney to name a few.

Lower Risk of Disease

The older that you get, the more important it becomes to keep your bones and muscles strong. Exercise can ensure that you are able to complete daily activities and stay physically active at the same time. Although this is more important for adults, the benefits can be seen regardless of age.

Strengthens Bones

Because of the various different health benefits mentioned above, it can be assumed that exercise will allow you to live longer. Even a small amount of exercise can go an incredibly long way in terms of helping increase your lifespan.

Living Longer

Overall, one can see that exercise alone is enough to completely change your life. Not only does it improve your physical health, but it also manages to improve your mental health as well. The more exercise you do, the more you will benefit!

Conclusion

Exercise, contrary to popular belief, has a LOT of positive effects on the body. Today, I will be exploring those benefits with you!

Regular physical activity improves your brain health, helps with weight management, reduces disease, strengthens bones and muscles, and improves your ability to do everyday activities. Learn more.

Benefits of Physical Activity

Dark Energy and Dark Matter are two of the most interesting components of our universe. Although they may sound the same, they have some key differences which separate them from each other. Today, I will be showing and explaining these very important distinctions, as well as explaining a similarity that they share.

What is Dark Energy and Dark Matter?

Dark Energy, in contrast to Dark Matter, makes up 69.5% of all matter and is responsible for the expansion of our universe. For reference, all other visible matter makes up 0.5% of the universe.The interesting component of Dark Energy is that it behaves oppositely to that of Gravity. In other words, it exerts a repulsive force instead of an attractive force. This is the main reason why we can say that the universe is expanding. Without Dark Energy, the universe wouldn’t have the capability to expand at all.

Dark Energy

Dark Matter, although in considerably less abundance than Dark Energy, still makes up 30% of our universe.Dark Matter is an attractive force, similar to that of gravity, which holds matter together.Dark Matter plays a vital role in the formation of galaxies. This is primarily because of the fact that Dark Matter acts as an Invisible Glue that can hold galaxies together.

Dark Matter

Despite the fact that both Dark Energy and Dark Matter are opposite in nature, there is one thing that is common between them: invisibility. Neither Dark Matter nor Dark Energy reflect, emit, or absorb ANY sort of light. This is the main reason why they both are incredibly difficult to detect.What this means is that they are both completely hidden, and the only way that we, as humans, know of their presence is through their effect on the Gravity.

Similarity

Over time, various astronomers have studied supernovae and distant galaxies in order to observe the expansion of the universe. While researching, these scientists still had a set of expectations. One of these expectations was that the universe expanded at a constant rate.Much to their surprise, they noticed that the universe was expanding exponentially. This is very significant because up until now, scientists were under the assumption that the universe was not able to expanding this rapidly.Dark Energy serves as the reason why the universe is expanding exponentially and not linearly.

Research

To conclude:Dark Matter is an attractive force that holds matter together while Dark Energy is a repulsive force that pushes matter outwards.They both are very difficult to detect because they don’t emit, absorb, or reflect light at all. Despite this, they are still very widely researched. Scientists we able to uncover that the universe is expanding exponentially instead of linearly due to the abundance of Dark Energy.Overall, Dark Matter and Dark Energy are some of the most interesting occurrences in our universe, and we still have much to learn about them.

Articles:<ul><li><a href="https://astronomy.com/news/2020/03/whats-the-difference-between-dark-matter-and-dark-energy">https://astronomy.com/news/2020/03/whats-the-difference-between-dark-matter-and-dark-energy</a></li><li><a href="https://phys.org/news/2015-03-dark.html">https://phys.org/news/2015-03-dark.html</a></li></ul>Videos:<ul><li><a href="https://youtu.be/AAhWLN2qHGs">https://youtu.be/AAhWLN2qHGs</a></li><li><a href="https://youtu.be/QAa2O_8wBUQ">https://youtu.be/QAa2O_8wBUQ</a></li></ul>

Additional Resources

Dark Energy and Dark Matter are two of the most interesting phenomena in the universe. Today we will be exploring what they are and how they are fundamentally different from one another.

All the atoms and light in the universe together make up less than five percent of the total contents of the cosmos. The rest is composed of dark matter and dark energy, which are invisible but dominate the structure and evolution of the universe. Dark matter makes up most of the mass of galaxies and galaxy clusters, and is responsible for the way galaxies are organized on grand scales. Dark energy, meanwhile, is the name we give the mysterious influence driving the accelerated expansion of the universe. What these substances are and how they work are some of the major challenges facing modern astronomers.

Dark Energy and Dark Matter

Although at first glance it seems like a simple question, there are multiple different factors that all play into the element of fear that drives our actions.In this thread, I will introduce you to some of the major things that play into the fear that we experience almost on a daily basis.

Why do we feel fear?

The primary way in which fear is utilized is as a primitive survival mechanic. In other words, fear is a form of conditioning that humans have developed to protect themselves from danger of any sort.

Survival

Another factor that plays into the fear that we feel is anticipation of bad things potentially happening. For example, if you were travelling on a plane for the first time, you would anticipate about how safe the ride is and whether you will land safely and on time.

Anticipation

In specific situations, fear can also be a form of entertainment and excitement.From things like rollercoasters to horror movies, the thrill of fear is what leads into the excitement gained from the experience.

Excitement

Fear is one of the most interesting aspects of nature, and it reveals a lot about how primitive and bound to nature humans are.Although we aren't able to fully conquer it, we are still able to embrace it and maybe even gather some enjoyment out of it.

<ul><li>https://exploringyourmind.com/why-do-we-like-to-experience-fear/</li><li>https://www.livinginwellbeing.org/why-do-we-feel-fear/</li><li>https://www.selfhelpcollective.com/top-10-fears.html</li></ul>

Extra Reading

Fear is one of the most integral parts of society and has shaped the way that we work together in order to accomplish tasks. Today, I will be discussing the different ways that this reaction can occur.

Why Do We Fear? - Fear responses are instinctive reactions to potentially dangerous situations. Learn about fear responses and the evolution of fear.

How Fear Works

Historically, it has been difficult to empirically explain why we like certain colours.
It is still difficult to explain why people like some colors more than others. Here are some theories that may help us understand why we have favorites.

Why We Have Favourite Colours

Through a series of lab studies between 2010 and 2017, assistant professor Karen Schloss and her collaborator, Stephen Palmer PhD hypothesized the Ecological Valence Theory (EVT), which they describe as people that "like/dislike a given colour to the degree that they like/dislike all of the objects and entities that they associate with that colour." People often like blue hues because it reminds them of clear skies and clean water. People tend to shy away from brown hues because they remind us of faeces or rotting food.

Ecological Valence Theory

To explore EVT, Schloss and Palmer conducted a series of studies. Participants ranked colour preferences, what colours reminded them of particular objects, and if those objects represented positive or negative things. This resulted in Weighted Affected Valence Estimates (WAVE). They found that  80% of the change in average colour preferences from one group to another was based on how much other people like objects related to those colours. With this data, they could explore different topics of colour preferences like individual preferences, changes over time or even cultural preferences.

Color WAVE

A person may have positive or negative feelings about certain colours because of their experience with objects of those colours over time. Young girls tend to like pink and purple colours because they are often exposed to clothes, toys and television shows they enjoy that use those colours. They see vomit and other gross substances in the yellowish-greenish hues, making them apt to dislike those colours.

How  Someone Feels About Objects of that Colour

Colour preference may be part of our evolutionary design. Colour preferences guide us toward positive things for our general health and well-being and away from negative things. Choosing a colour we like for our loveseat helps us thrive while avoiding colours that cause us to fail. We have a learning mechanism to learn associations between colours and objects or concepts and then use them to inform our judgments about colours.

An Evolutionary Drive to Be Happy

We all have favorite colors. But have you ever considered why you like one color more than another?

Stashed ideas

Science Explains Why We Have Favorite Colors

Microbes/micro-organisms are mostly microscopic creatures that are placed in different groups such bacteria, fungi, protozoa, micro-algae, and viruses. Microbes live in familiar settings such as soil, water, food, and animal intestines, as well as in more extreme settings such as rocks, glaciers, hot springs, and deep-sea vents.

🦠 Microbes/micro-organisms 

Men used some of microbial diversity in the production of fermented foods such as bread, yogurt, and cheese. Some soil microbes release nitrogen that plants need for growth and emit gases that maintain the critical composition of the Earth's atmosphere.Other microbes challenge the food supply by causing yield-reducing diseases in food-producing plants and animals. In our bodies, different microbes help to digest food, ward off invasive organisms, and engage in fights and battles with the human immune system in the give-and-take of the natural disease process.

📖 Benefits of microbes

A genome is the totality of genetic material in the DNA of a particular organism. Genomes differ greatly in size and sequence across different organisms.

📚 Genomes

Obtaining the complete genome sequence of a microbe provides crucial information about its biology, but it is only the first step toward understanding a microbe's biological capabilities and modifying them leads to breakthroughs such as improved vaccines and better disease-diagnostic tools, improved microbial agents for biological control of plant and animal pests, modifications of plant and animal pathogens for reduced virulence, development of new industrial substances and fermentation organisms, and development of new microbial agents for bioremediation of contaminated soil and water.

📖 Benefits of genomes

Use of microbes is an important area that promotes for advances in food safety, food security, value-added products, human nutrition and functional foods, plant and animal protection, and overall fundamental research in the different field of sciences.

📖 Conclusion 

This idea will help you to analyze the function and used of genome and microorganisms in our society. Thus, we will have a knowledge to differentiate the meaning of those

The Book Comprehensively Covers The Syllabus Of B.Sc. Biotechnology-2 And Clearly Explains The Basic Concepts In Cell Biology, Genetics And Microbiology. A Molecular Approach To The Study Of Cells Is Followed Throughout The Book. The Text Is Illustrated By A Large Number Of Clearly Drawn Diagrams For An Easier Understanding Of The Subject. Each Chapter Closes With A Summary And A Set Of Review Questions.

Benefits of Physical Activity

Dark Energy and Dark Matter

How Fear Works

Science Explains Why We Have Favorite Colors

Biotechnology - Ii : Including Cell Biology, Genetics, Microbiology

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