Haptic technology , also known as kinaesthetic communication or 3D touch , refers to any technology that can create an experience of touch by applying forces , vibrations , or motions to the user. These technologies can be used to create virtual objects in a computer simulation , to control virtual objects, and to enhance remote control of machines and devices (telerobotics ). Haptic devices may incorporate tactile sensors that measure forces exerted by the user on the interface. The word haptic , from the Greek : ἁπτικός , means "tactile, pertaining to the sense of touch".

Haptic Technology And 3D Touch

Haptic technology facilitates investigation of how the human sense of touch works by allowing the creation of controlled haptic virtual objects. Most researchers distinguish three sensory systems related to sense of touch in humans: cutaneous , kinaesthetic and haptic . All perceptions mediated by cutaneous and kinaesthetic sensibility are referred to as tactual perception. The sense of touch may be classified as passive and active, and the term "haptic" is often associated with active touch to communicate or recognize objects.

3 Senses of Touch

Types of Mechanical Touch SensingHuman sensing of mechanical loading in the skin is managed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor">Mechanoreceptors </a>. There are a number of types of mechanoreceptors but those present in the finger pad are typically placed into two categories. Fast acting (FA) and slow acting (SA). SA mechanoreceptors are sensitive to relatively large stresses and at low frequencies while FA mechanoreceptors are sensitive to smaller stresses at higher frequencies. --->See Next

Mechanoreceptors

The result of this is that generally SA sensors can detect textures with amplitudes greater than 200 micrometers and FA sensors can detect textures with amplitudes less than 200 micrometers down to about 1 micrometer. Though some research suggests that FA can only detect textures smaller than the fingerprint wavelength.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology#cite_note-18"> </a>FA mechanoreceptors achieve this high resolution of sensing by sensing vibrations produced by friction and an interaction of the fingerprint texture moving over fine surface texture.

Slow Acting And Fast Acting

Air vortex rings<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_ring">Air vortex rings </a>are donut-shaped air pockets made up of concentrated gusts of air. Focused air vortices can have the force to blow out a candle or disturb papers from a few yards away. Both Microsoft Research (AirWave)<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology#cite_note-25"> </a>and Disney Research (AIREAL)<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology#cite_note-26"> </a>have used air vortices to deliver non-contact haptic feedback.

Non Contact Haptic Feedback

Focused <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound">ultrasound </a>beams can be used to create a localized sense of pressure on a finger without touching any physical object. The focal point that creates the sensation of pressure is generated by individually controlling the phase and intensity of each transducer in an array of ultrasound transducers. These beams can also be used to deliver sensations of vibration,and to give users the ability to feel virtual 3D objects.----> See Next

Ultrasounds Beamforming

Another form of tactile feed back results from active touch when a human scans (runs their finger over a surface) to gain information about a surfaces texture. A significant amount of information about a surfaces texture on the micro meter scale can be gathered through this action as vibrations resulting from friction and texture activate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor">mechanoreceptors </a>in the human skin. Towards this goal plates can be made to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency which reduces the friction between the plate and skin.

Surface Textures

A tactile electronic display is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_device">display device </a>that delivers text and graphical information using the sense of touch. Devices of this kind have been developed to assist blind or deaf users by providing an alternative to visual or auditory sensation.

Accessibility For The Blind

Haptic feedback is used within <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledildonics">teledildonics </a>, or "sex-technology," in order to remotely connect sex toys and allow users to engage in virtual sex or allow a remote server to control their sex toy. Teledildonics and sex-technology have expanded to include toys with a two-way connection that allow virtual sex through the communication of vibrations, pressures and sensations. Many "smart" vibrators allow for a one-way connection either between the user, or a remote partner, to allow control of the toy.

Teledildonics

Haptics are gaining widespread acceptance as a key part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality">virtual reality </a>systems, adding the sense of touch to previously visual-only interfaces. Systems are being developed to use haptic interfaces for 3D modeling and design, including systems that allow holograms to be both seen and felt.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology#cite_note-90"> </a> Several companies are making full-body or torso haptic vests or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_suit">haptic suits </a>for use in immersive virtual reality to allow users to feel explosions and bullet impacts.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology#cite_note-91">[ </a>

Virtual REALity

Haptic technology is the beginning of how the non contact ability of haptic feedback or engagement was discovered or implied. The use of technology to give a user feedback also opened doors to harassment if someone were to copy the technological abilities. I will explain more of this soon.

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