Work expands to fill the time available for its completion.When you establish fixed hours, you find unproductive ways to fill them. Work more, get less done.If your goal is to do inspired, creative work, work like a lion instead: Sprint. Eat. Rest. Repeat.

Parkinson’s Law

To learn anything:<ul><li>Step 1: Identify a topic</li><li>Step 2: Try to explain it to a 5-year-old</li><li>Step 3: Study to fill in knowledge gaps</li><li>Step 4: Organize, convey, and review.</li></ul>True genius is the ability to simplify, not complicate.

The Feynman Technique

Most of us need fewer friends and more intellectual sparring partners.<ul><li>Friends are easy to come by.</li><li>Intellectual sparring partners are harder to find. They will call you on your BS, question your assumptions, and push you to think deeply.</li></ul>

Intellectual Sparring Partners

Much of what we call "luck" is the macro result of 1,000s of micro-actions.<ul><li>Your habits put you in a position where luck is more likely to strike.</li><li>If you want to create more luck, increase your luck surface area.</li><li>Open up the aperture to let more luck in.</li></ul>

Luck Surface Area

Observe the weekend projects of the smartest people in your circles. Odds are those will become a key part of our future.Invest accordingly.

The Weekend Test

The goal is to minimize the number of regrets in life.When faced with a difficult decision:<ol><li>Project into the future.</li><li>Look back on the decision.</li><li>Ask "Will I regret not doing this?"</li><li>Act accordingly.</li></ol>

The Regret Minimization Framework

Your Zone of Genius is where your interests, passions, and skills align.<ul><li>Operating in your Zone of Genius means playing games you are uniquely well-suited to win.</li><li>Once you identify it, you can stop playing "their" games and start playing "yours".</li></ul>

Zone of Genius

The energy required to refute bullshit is much larger than the energy required to produce it.This is why BS spreads so easily—especially on social media. It's also why we need to make a deliberate effort to fight back against it.

BS Asymmetry Principle

Learn the difference between urgent and important.Place tasks on a 2x2 matrix:<ul><li>Important & Urgent</li><li>Important & Not Urgent</li><li>Not Important & Urgent</li><li>Not Important & Not Urgent.</li></ul>Prioritize, delegate, or delete accordingly.

The Eisenhower Decision Matrix

<ul><li>Black Lines = Paths Closed</li><li>Green Lines = Paths Open</li></ul>Stop focusing on the black lines behind you. Start focusing on all of the green lines before you. It is a future with immense opportunity.

Green Lines vs. Black Lines

Jerry Seinfeld hangs a calendar on the wall and uses a red marker to put an X over every day that he completes his daily writing.It's not about quality, it's about consistency. If you want to improve at anything:<ul><li>30 days</li><li>30 min per day</li></ul>Build the habit.

30-for-30 Plan

Imagine a rock is thrown into a lake. The splash is the first-order effect—the ripples are the second-order effect.The world is filled with first-order thinkers. Dig deeper—ask "and then what?” Second-order thinkers will always be in short supply.

Second-Order Thinking

<ul><li>Occam's Razor: The simplest explanation is often the best one.</li><li>Hanlon's Razor: Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity.</li><li>Hitchens' Razor: Anything asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence.</li></ul>

The Big 3 Razors

<ul><li>Old Way: Learn to Play.</li><li>New Way: Play to Learn.</li></ul>We are living in an unprecedented era—historical boundaries are being broken, enabling anyone to participate.If you're trying to learn anything new, insert yourself into the game. It's the only way.

Play to Learn

Extraordinary achievements are often just the result of a large volume of tiny actions.Small things become big things.

Compounding

When faced with two options, choose the one that’s more difficult in the short term. Naval calls this making "uphill decisions”.It requires a forced override of your pain avoidance instinct. It's worth it—short-term pain creates compounding long-term gain.

Uphill Decisions

Skin in the Game means that the key principals participate in both the upside and downside associated with any decisions.<ul><li>Always look for its presence in any new situation.</li><li>Avoid games where those making the rules don't have any skin in the game.</li></ul>

Skin in the Game

When faced with chaos, ask yourself whether you're a local or a tourist.Tourists flee bad weather. Locals are aware of the season's change.Play games where you're a local. Never be a "Stubborn Local”—ignoring evidence that something has fundamentally changed.

Local vs. Tourist

You have to put in more effort to make something appear effortless.Effortless, elegant performances are simply the result of a large volume of consistent, effortful practice. Simple is not simple.

The Paradox of Effort

Asking great questions uncovers the truth—bias for action builds upon it.The four quadrants:<ul><li>Q1: World-changers (rare!)</li><li>Q2: Grinders/hustlers</li><li>Q3: Philosophers/thinkers</li><li>Q4: Dead zone</li></ul>Invest behind Q1s, hire more Q2s, spend time with Q3s, and avoid Q4s.

Question-Action Matrix

These are:<ul><li>Financial (money)</li><li>Social (relationships)</li><li>Physical (health)</li><li>Mental (health, knowledge, faith)</li><li>Time (freedom).</li></ul>Money is NOT the only type of wealth. The pursuit of financial wealth can rob you of the others.

The 5 Types of Wealth

Tiny deviations are amplified by distance and time.A 1-degree error in heading will cause a plane to miss its target by 1 mile for every 60 miles flown.Small miss now = large miss later. Always make real-time course corrections and adjustments.

The 1-in-60 Rule

<ul><li>The British offered bounties for cobra heads—so locals bred cobras to turn in their heads.</li><li>A policy designed to reduce the cobra population had the opposite effect.</li></ul>Lesson: When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.

Second-Order Thinking

Similar ideas to Second-Order Thinking

Long-term thinking

How To Use It

Find Out Why You Hate Waiting