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Certain countries have unique strengths, local resources and talent that can be a comparative advantage to them, and make products at a cheaper cost than other countries. If they indulge in protectionism, the end result is higher costs and inefficiency for all.
Example: China has a low opportunity cost to produce simple consumer goods due to the cheap labour it employs, and countries like France and America do not need to focus on simple goods, so are able to make sophisticated products like rockets, cars and ships.
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The law of comparative advantage was first mentioned in 1817 by English economist David Ricardo.
Governments around the world impose rules, regulations and restrictions like:
When a company is at a better position to provide strong value to the customer, it is said to be at a competitive advantage.
An opportunity cost is the potential ‘alternative’ or benefit that is forfeited when one chooses a particular option.
Comparative advantage is also measured by the salary yardstick, and how much a person’s time, skills and core skill sets are worth.
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