21 Contribution of India to world

Although Babylonians used zero to signify the 'absent', Indians were the first to use zero as a symbol and in arithmetic operations.

Chess is believed to have originated in Eastern India, c. 280 – 550 CE, in the Gupta Empire, where its early form in the 6th century was known as chaturaṅga.

Ornamental buttons made from seashells were used in the Indus Valley Civilization by 2000 BCE. Some buttons were carved into geometric shapes and had holes pierced into them.

The word shampoo is derived from the Hindi word chāmpo and dates to 1762. The shampoo itself originated in the eastern regions of the Mughal Empire where it was introduced as a head massage, usually consisting of alkali, natural oils, and fragrances. Shampoo was first introduced in Britain by a Bengali entrepreneur from Bihar named Sake Dean Mahomed.

Kearns & Nash (2008) state that the first mention of leprosy is described in the Indian medical treatise Sushruta Samhita (6th century BCE). However, The Oxford Illustrated Companion to Medicine holds that the mention of leprosy, as well as ritualistic cures for it, were described in the Atharva-Veda (1500–1 200 BCE), written before the Sushruta Samhita.

It was originally called ' Mokshapat'. Snakes and ladders originated in India as a game based on morality. During the British rule of India, this game made its way to England and was eventually introduced in the United States of America in 1943.

Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that dates back to Iron Age India (1st millennium BC) and is still practiced today as a form of complementary and alternative medicine.

Using an astronomical model developed by Brahmagupta in the 7th century, Bhaskara accurately defined many astronomical quantities, including the length of the sidereal year, the time that is required for the Earth to orbit the Sun.

Jainism has historically been largely confined to India, whereas Buddhism originated in India but subsequently flourished and developed several branches in other Asian countries.

This sequence was first described by Virahanka (c. 700 AD), Gopāla (c. 1135), and Hemachandra as an outgrowth of the earlier writings on Sanskrit prosody by Pingala.

In India, cataract surgery was performed with a curved needle used to loosen the lens and push the cataract out of the field of vision. The eye would later be soaked with warm butter and then bandaged. Though this method was successful, Susruta cautioned that cataract surgery should only be performed when absolutely necessary. These methods were later spread to the world.

It is a device for measuring growth in plants and was invented in the early 20th century by Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose.

The founder of the cashmere wool industry is traditionally held to be the 15th-century ruler of Kashmir, Zayn-ul-Abidin, who employed weavers from Central Asia. The mention of woolen shawls made from this wool in Kashmir is found in several books between the 3rd century BCE and the 11th century CE.

You can also credit him for AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port), PCI Express, Platform Power management architecture, and various chipset improvements.

Kridapatram, which also means "painted rags for playing" is an early suits game, made of painted rags. It was invented in Ancient India.

Jute has been cultivated in India since ancient times. India also exported raw jute to the western world, where it was used to make ropes and cordage. The Indian jute industry was later modernized during the British Raj in India.

The trigonometric functions sine and versine originated in Indian astronomy. They were described in detail by Aryabhatta in the late 5th century but were likely developed earlier in astronomical treatises of the 3rd or 4th century. Later, the 6th-century astronomer Varahamihira discovered a few basic trigonometric formulas and identities, such as sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1.

Vinod Dham is also known as the Father of the Pentium chip, for his contribution to the development of highly successful Pentium processors from Intel.

The process of producing crystallized sugar from sugarcane was discovered by the time of the Imperial Guptas, and the earliest reference of candied sugar comes from India. The process was soon transmitted to China by traveling Buddhist monks. Chinese documents confirm two missions to India, for obtaining technology for sugar-refining.

One of the notable scholars Rishi Kanada gave the concept of the atom long before John Delton was born. Rishi Kanada proposed that parmanu (atom) is an indestructible particle of matter. He also stated that anu can have two states – absolute rest and a state of motion.

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