How alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, opioids, and stimulants affect the body and mind

Different types of commonly abused drugs interact with the brain and nervous system in different ways. For example, alcohol and benzodiazepines depress the central nervous system, leading to relaxation, drowsiness, and impaired coordination. Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, on the other hand, stimulate the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to increased alertness, energy, and euphoria.

Marijuana and opioids, such as heroin and prescription painkillers, bind to specific receptors in the brain and nervous system, leading to a range of physical and psychological effects such as pain relief, sedation, and altered perception.