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The Atomic Weight Standard

Oxygen was the atomic weight standard for the other elements until 1961 when it was replaced by carbon 12

Oxygen made a good choice for the standard before much was known about isotopes because although there are 3 natural isotopes of oxygen, most of it is oxygen-16. This is why the atomic weight of oxygen (15.9994) is so close to 16. About 99.76% of oxygen is oxygen-16.

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Discovering Oxygen

Discovering Oxygen

Oxygen is atomic number 8 with the element symbol O. It was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1773, but he did not publish his work immediately, so credit is often given to Joseph Priestly in 1774.

Oxygen is one of the best-known gases on the planet, largely because it...

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Approximately 2/3 Of The Mass Of The Human Body Is Oxygen

  • This makes it the most abundant element, by mass, in the body. Much of that oxygen is part of water, H2O. 
  • Although there are more hydrogen atoms in the body than oxygen atoms, they account for significantly less mass. 
  • Oxygen is also the most abundan...

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Excited Oxygen

Excited oxygen is responsible for the bright red, green, and yellow-green colors of the aurora.

It's the molecule of primary importance, as far as generating bright and colorful auroras.

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O2 And O3

Oxygen gas normally is the divalent molecule O2. Ozone, O3, is another form of pure oxygen.

Atomic oxygen, which is also called "singlet oxygen" does occur in nature, although the ion readily bonds to other elements. Singlet oxygen may be found in the upper...

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Oxygen Is A Nonmetal

  • It has low thermal and electrical conductivity, but high electronegativity and ionization energy. 
  • The solid form is brittle rather than malleable or ductile. 
  • The atoms readily gain electrons and form covalent chemical bonds.

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Oxygen: The Characteristics

Oxygen gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. 

It's usually purified by fractional distillation of liquefied air, but the element is found in many compounds, such as water, silica, and carbon dioxide.

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Oxygen Supports Combustion

However, it is not truly flammable. It is considered an oxidizer. 

Bubbles of pure oxygen don't burn.

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Liquid And Solid Oxygen

Liquid and solid oxygen is pale blue. At lower temperatures and higher pressures, oxygen changes its appearance from blue monoclinic crystals to orange, red, black, and even a metallic appearance.

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Oxygen Is Paramagnetic

This means it is weakly attracted to a magnet but doesn't retain permanent magnetism.

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Breathing Oxygen

Animals and plants require oxygen for respiration. Plant photosynthesis drives the oxygen cycle, maintaining it around 21% in air.

While the gas is essential for life, too much of it can be toxic or lethal. Symptoms of oxygen poisoning include vision loss,...

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The atomic bomb

The atomic bomb

  • J. Robert Oppenheimer, director of the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II, is credited with the creation of the atomic bomb. Oppenheimer does not regret playing a part in the war effort, but he feels that the way the atomic bomb was used wasn't right. Japan could have been warned abo...

Best weight vs Ideal weight

Obese person's "best weight" might not be their "ideal weight." A small reduction of about 3-5% can lead to health improvements.

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