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Consider gas in a box. A box full of some gaseous substance is made of atoms and molecules.
When we look at the gas in the box with our eyes, or our thermometers, we don’t see each individual atom or molecule, its position and velocity. We see coarse-grained features of the system. We can invent a predictive theory of what the gas is going to do based on the coarse-grained macroscopic observables. We can model things without knowing what every atom is doing. That’s emergence. You have a set of properties that are approximate and coarse-grained.
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MORE IDEAS ON THIS
At the smallest level, nature is governed by quantum mechanics.
The quantum theory account for all the forces of nature but not gravity. When physicists try to apply quantum theory to gravity, space and time start to fluctuate wildly, almost as if falling apart. This is in...
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Space, time and gravity get weird when they are studied at a super subatomic scale, where the quantum nature of gravity starts to kick in.
Albert Einstein taught us that space and time could warp and bend like a piece of fabric. We experience this warping of the space-time continuum as grav...
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Technical issues
When you’re learning quantum mechanics as a student, you’re taught the classical model for something, then given rules for quantising that classical theory. However, classical theories do not define quantum theories very well. When you straightforwardly app...
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Both special relativity and general relativity are fundamentally classical theories. Classically, things have positions, and locations - positions and velocities. However, classical mechanics fail at small scales. This is where quantum mechanics becomes useful.
Since the discovery of quantu...
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The idea is that all the quantum mechanical information inside a black hole can in certain circumstances be considered as spread out on the boundary of the black hole.
If you think of the interior of the black hole as a three-dimensional region of space, and the boundary as a two-dimension...
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In theoretical physics, the AdS/CFT correspondence is called Maldacena duality or gauge/gravity duality.
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The Higgs boson is a real particle but it’s hard to detect because it has a very short lifetime and quickly decays into other particles.
It can decay into two particles, an electron and a positron. When you consider quantum mechanics, you can predict roughly how long it will take th...
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The particles and forces of the world come from fields that spread all throughout space and time and have a quantum mechanical nature. There’s a quantum mechanical field for the photon, the gluon, the Higgs boson, for gravity, etc. But the important thing to remember about field theory is that
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Classically, for a particle, you have a clear idea of where a particle is and how fast it’s moving. And you can measure whatever you want.
However, there is less agreement on what quantum mechanics is saying because you have to use words like "measurement" and "observation." You can observe...
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CURATED FROM
IDEAS CURATED BY
Strange things happen when you try to combine Einstein’s description of curved space-time with a universe made up of quantum wavefunctions. This podcast shows how space and time are emergent properties of quantum reality but not fundamental parts of it.
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Certain phenomena cannot be explained by a single activity, where individual components work in tandem with each other and it is hard to pinpoint where the process starts or ends. The workings of such a phenomenon, known as Strong Emergence, cannot be categorized or bracketed in a single...
Researchers have discovered two universal characteristics that contribute to the attractiveness of a woman’s face.
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