The immune system does an outstanding job most of the time. To provide such excellent protection against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, our immune system must continuously learn.

Our immune system

Studies suggest the immune learning is strongly affected by environmental factors, like diet, lifestyle, surroundings, and previous infections.
But this provides hope that we can improve immunity and reduce disease through environmental factors.

Environmental factors

Innate immunity cells quickly respond to invaders and can deal with over 90% of infections. These cells recognize invaders by looking for broadly shared patterns, such as common molecules on the surface of most bacteria.

Innate immunity

Innate immune cells are changed by previous infections or vaccination through trained immunity.
Because innate learning changes innate immune cells, infection by one invader can change how the immune system deals with a completely different invader.

Always learning

When the innate response fails to deal with an invasion, the adaptive immunity takes over. The adaptive cell looks for a specific pattern. It could be a particular protein on the surface of a virus or bacteria. 
There are millions of adaptive immune cells, each to recognize a different pattern. When they recognize an invader, they multiply to form an army to kill it. This process can take a week when a new invader infects us. After the invader is removed, the adaptive cells that recognized it are kept as specialized memory cells.

Adaptive immunity

We're outnumbered by bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi that can make us ill. And the only thing standing between them and our devastation is our immune system. The immune system does such a good job most of the time that we only really think about it when things go wrong.

Environmental factors

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