Third, in case you’re thinking it has to do with gravity, it doesn’t – the gravitational pull of the doctor in the room at the time of your birth was stronger than the gravitational pull exerted on you by the planets in our solar system at that same moment. Fourth, for astrology to be correct, it would have to negate pretty much everything we know about physics and psychology. Fifth and finally, there are good reasons to think that belief in astrology is driven by a combination of cognitive biases (such as <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258127972_Myside_Bias_Rational_Thinking_and_Intelligence">myside bias </a>) and ambiguous writing (such as <a href="https://nesslabs.com/barnum-effect#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Encyclopedia%20Britannica,information%20that%20applies%20to%20everyone.%E2%80%9D">Barnum statements </a>).

The <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/myers-briggs">Myers-Briggs Type Indicator </a> is the most popular personality test in the world – but alas, it’s mostly bullshit. It offers inconsistent results, doesn’t predict life outcomes, ignores key personality variables, and is based on empirically unsubstantiated ideas. The Myers-Briggs Company contends that "the MBTI assessment is designed to be descriptive, not predictive," but it is widely used to predict workplace behavior.. Check out <a href="https://areomagazine.com/2021/03/09/should-you-trust-the-myers-briggs-personality-test/">this essay </a>for a deeper look at the Myers-Briggs.

2. The Myers-Briggs Personality Test

A good way to know that this is bullshit is 1) controlled <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/1800-studies-later-scientists-conclude-homeopathy-doesnt-work-180954534/">studies </a>show that homeopathy <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/homeopathy/#when-used">fails to outperform placebo </a>, 2) it <a href="https://www.statnews.com/2016/02/26/reject-pseudoscience-homeopathy/">contradicts vast swaths </a>of physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine (and you know those sciences work because they cure our infections and give us computers), and 3) <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2291211/">evidence clearly shows </a>that the central tenets of homeopathy – for example, that like cures like and dilution increases potency – are just plain <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01162.x?casa_token=583NLOgPaR4AAAAA:D0GKzXtg2aiay00ytWlJQtpoyhN-lvWxCDaRR_7ouDg-arrwqPuYGZXmy6snp4RT1WEWMJ8vJ5deer0">wrong </a>. Belief in homeopathy appears to be driven by expectancy effects and the <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/placebo">placebo effect </a>.

The good news is that it’s never too late to begin thinking of the mind this way. Your brain is a squishy, wet computer that obeys the laws of physics and was shaped by the blind algorithmic process of evolution. Come on over to the dark side! You won’t miss the woo-woo that much, I promise. There’s awe and grandeur in this naturalistic view of the mind. Plus we have <a href="https://theoldvillage.wordpress.com/2004/01/28/douglas-adams-shares-a-true-story/">cookies </a>.

Or as Tim Minchin puts it more eloquently in this <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhGuXCuDb1U">animated beat poem </a>: “Alternative medicine has either not been proved to work, or been proved not to work. Do you know what they call alternative medicine that’s been proved to work?... Medicine !”

[1] Lewis Carroll’s version was: “If you set to work to believe everything, you will tire out the believing-muscles of your mind, and then you’ll be so weak you won’t be able to believe the simplest true things.” (Letters , vol 1, p. 64)

Quotes

This, ladies and gents and <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/gender">non-binary </a>folks, is the NBA All-Star team of bullshit. Bilking people out of their money in exchange for false hope is nothing new, of course. Debunkers like Harry Houdini and <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/james-randi-obituary-1079316/">The Amazing Randi </a>did an excellent job of unmasking con artists in their day. If you’re a student of psychology, make sure you get to know <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi">The Amazing Randi </a>. You can start with <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qk_NAUdVpko&list=PL_krQYPPG4VWJu19BM1j54r3H4bwo2j8U&index=8&t=1s">this great introduction </a>. You should also check out <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Honest-Liar-James-Amazing-Randi/dp/B00Z9QEVVE">this documentary </a>about his stellar <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/career">career </a>and riveting personal life. You can find his books <a href="https://www.amazon.com/James-Randi/e/B000AQ26MO?ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_1&qid=1613265738&sr=8-1">here </a>.

( these are a few of my least favorite things  )

Progress was slow for a long time, but many people now recognize that homeopathy is not innocuous nonsense; it’s <a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11673-015-9682-0.pdf">dangerous </a>nonsense that <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2687972">kills </a>people every year by steering them away from real treatments. This has led to positive developments like the <a href="https://pseudoscience-manifesto.apetp.com/">European Manifesto against Pseudo-Therapies </a>, which is worth clicking on and reading.

The goal is a grand one: to understand the mind in all of its beautiful weirdness – déjà vu, the placebo effect, nervousness-induced itch, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/false-memories">false memories </a>, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/synesthesia">synesthesia </a>, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/dreaming">lucid dreaming </a>, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/near-death-experiences">near-death experiences </a>– in a fully natural way that doesn’t violate any known laws of the universe, doesn’t rely on miracles, and doesn’t postulate entities that aren’t needed to explain the phenomena at hand. If you let in spirits or divination or personalities forged by planetary pulls, you’ve given up before the game really got started.

Carl Sagan, who was too much of a gentleman and a scholar to call it “bullshit”, penned <a href="http://hermiene.net/essays-trans/fine_art_of_baloney_detection.html">this well-known essay </a>on how to detect baloney. It is timeless reading for anybody figuring out how to think about the world. Also helpful are Sagan’s book <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Demon-Haunted-World-Science-Candle-Dark/dp/0345409469/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=demon+haunted+world&qid=1603954244&sr=8-1">The Demon-Haunted World </a>and <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Magic-Reality-Know-Whats-Really/dp/1451675046/ref=sxts_sxwds-bia-wc-p13n1_0?cv_ct_cx=magic+of+reality&dchild=1&keywords=magic+of+reality&pd_rd_i=1451675046&pd_rd_r=bc48d44f-9d16-4f46-9155-a0d982dd9f8b&pd_rd_w=afppV&pd_rd_wg=bNhEb&pf_rd_p=5be4970c-0256-4afe-9550-68021bd84e5b&pf_rd_r=K63MGS1Y2F9J1BWSH9S3&psc=1&qid=1603954234&sr=1-1-791c2399-d602-4248-afbb-8a79de2d236f">this young adult book </a>about how we know what’s true.

Sources for Detecting Bovine Stercus

Psychology is the science of mind and behavior. It has nothing to do with astrology, The Secret , or other New Age twaddle. But many smart people who are drawn to psychology are sometimes also drawn to psychological-sounding woo. Should we be concerned?

‘“You needn’t go on making remarks like that,” Humpty Dumpty said: “they’re not sensible, and they put me out.”’ – Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking Glass

Quote 

<ul><li>Many people who are drawn to psychology are also drawn to psychological-sounding woo. </li><li>Astrology, homeopathy, the Myers-Briggs, & the ideas in The Secret all lack evidentiary support -- and can be harmful. </li><li>If you're interested in psychology, you should know why these ideas are bunk. </li> </ul>

Key points

Maybe it doesn’t matter. Some people think these beliefs are fringe and mostly harmless – and besides, most people don’t believe this stuff anyway. But polls suggest the opposite: most of us aren’t completely tethered to reality. <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/16915/three-four-americans-believe-paranormal.aspx">73% of Americans have at least one paranormal belief </a>. A variety of pseudosciences enjoy <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130131050627/http:/www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/c7/c7s2.htm#c7s2l3">wide appeal </a>in public society. Woo literally <a href="http://whatstheharm.net/">kills people </a>. Carl Sagan’s <a href="https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1069554">famous foreboding </a>? Gone and boded already, damn it. The point of this post is to offer readers some information about five attractive-but-empty ideas and have a bit of fun in the process.

So What?

Penny : “I’m a Sagittarius, which probably tells you way more than you need to know.” Sheldon : “Yes, it tells us that you participate in the mass cultural delusion that the sun’s apparent position relative to arbitrarily defined constellations at the time of your birth somehow affects your <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/personality">personality </a>.” – The Big Bang Theory

1. Astrology

There’s no bona fide connection between the planets and our personality – there’s just no <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXIWyYtq85E">special Szechuan sauce </a>there.

On a more serious note: it’s helpful to keep in mind that as humans, we have a <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4141622/">tendency to see patterns </a>even where there aren’t any. This can be understood through mathematical insights from <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88_C-fogY40">Ramsey Theory </a>combined with evidence that our minds are <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/patternicity-finding-meaningful-patterns/">promiscuous pattern detectors </a>.

By the way, these cognitive biases are a <a href="https://areomagazine.com/2021/09/15/a-multicultural-psychologists-take-on-free-speech/">human universal </a>, and we all struggle with them. Nobody is immune! So don’t feel bad if you, like the rest of us, sometimes fall prey to these human foibles. The hope is that learning how these cognitive biases lead us astray will help us become more vigilant when we hear claims about how the world works.

For a dystopian take on the dangers of taking astrology too seriously, check out Season 2 Episode 5 of science fiction series <a href="https://www.hulu.com/series/the-orville-21e70fbf-6a51-41b3-88e9-f111830b046c">The Orville </a>.

As the famous quip goes, it’s good to have an open mind, but <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFO6ZhUW38w">if you open your mind too much, your brain might fall out </a>[1].

Homeopathy is a form of <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/integrative-medicine">alternative medicine </a>based on the idea that “like cures like” and that diluting substances increases their potency. (Yep, this one’s pungent).

3. Homeopathy

Have you ever wondered what a homeopathic emergency room would look like? Comedy duo Mitchell & Webb give us an idea in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMGIbOGu8q0&t=3s">this brilliant sketch </a>. And in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7Xvqv6RZV0&t=1s">this </a>video, we learn how “double-blind” studies work in homeopathy: you do the study, and then you don’t look at the results…. twice!

“This was… the usual New Age nonsense… a mush of psychobabble, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/self-help">self-help </a>tips, pseudo-scripture, and Chicken Soup for the Soul.” – Connie Willis, Inside Job

4. The Secret

In <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/26/books/review/Chabris-t.html">this piece </a>, two prominent psychologists analyze the dreck peddled in the book, paying special <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/attention">attention </a>to why people are drawn to it. And in a no-holds-barred analysis, <a href="https://markmanson.net/the-secret">this piece </a>explains how the doctrine is founded on a core delusion.

– ­Connie Willis, Inside Job If you want a bit of a mind-bender, try <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Inside-Job-Connie-Willis-ebook/dp/B004Q9TFP2">this brilliant Hugo award-winning novella by Connie Willis </a>, the most decorated science fiction author of all time. Willis weaves seances, skepticism, and romance into a superbly crafted, tightly structured tale that revolves around a central paradox and finishes with a satisfying ending. “Spreading her pernicious astral-plane-Higher-<a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/wisdom">Wisdom </a>hokum and bilking her benighted audiences out of their cash.”

Astrology is the belief that the position of celestial bodies at the time of your birth influences your personality and life course.Here’s why this is nonsense.First, empirical tests of astrological predictions show that they don’t work. <a href="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/imp/jcs/2003/00000010/F0020006/art00010?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf&casa_token=-nXLyQBUeM4AAAAA:IuotCr7MNS2EfvHrfYkpKKNmK5rNY1NUXI3dk3C6Smj3qHb22_N_o99dMEKIBYilYOA1w__azUvh4an24Ac">A meta-analysis of more than 40 controlled studies shows that expert astrologers perform no better than chance </a>, even at predicting basic personality traits such as <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/extroversion">extraversion </a>. <a href="https://muller.lbl.gov/papers/Astrology-Carlson.pdf">Double-blind tests show that astrological predictions are not supported by the evidence </a>. Second, there is no known mechanism by which the planets could influence your personality.

Ah, The Secret : a bowl-you-over-with-bullshit kind of book. It’s founded on the idea that positive <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/fantasies">visualization </a>will make good things appear in your life, and it repeatedly implies that if your life is beset by misfortune and misery, you’re bringing it on yourself by not thinking positively. Like many other brands of woo, it <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-other-secret/">misuses quantum physics </a>to advance its claims (<a href="https://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/pp">classic </a>, I tell you!), and has an <a href="https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/secrets-and-lies/">ugly flipside </a>.

Are you a psychology student who believes in some of this woo-woo? If so, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/forgiveness">forgive </a>me, but there is a sense in which you’re missing the animating spirit and methodological backbone of your discipline. The progress of psychology – or, one might argue, the point of psychology – is to explain the human mind in a natural way, one that does not rely on entities or forms of causation for which we have no evidence. Psychology succeeds precisely to the extent that it’s able to naturalize the mind and bring it under the purview of science.

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