Suppose you randomly sample 10 American adults and measure their daily calcium intake. You use a one-sample t test to determine whether the mean daily intake of American adults is equal to the recommended amount of 1000 mg.The test statistic, t, has 9 degrees of freedom:

df = n − 1

df = 10 − 1

df = 9

You calculate a t value of 1.41 for the sample, which corresponds to a p value of .19. You report your results:

“The participants’ mean daily calcium intake did not differ from the recommended amount of 1000 mg, t(9) = 1.41, p = 0.19.”