Learn how to be an extreme risk-taker in business and lead a calm personal life. Benefits:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Be like successful businessman Marc and never use debt in business.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Enjoy a peaceful and passive personal life with no extreme sports or sauna use.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Follow in the footsteps of composer Bach, who also had a sedate personal life.</li></ul>

Extreme Risk-Taking in Business and Personal Life

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Denial.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Rational counter-arguments.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Name-calling.</li></ul>AI has already moved past the denial stage, thanks to its long 80-year prehistory and sudden dramatic advancements.The impact of a new technology primarily revolves around the reordering of status in society.

Three-stage societal response to new technologies:

In a capitalist system, when old companies fail, they are replaced by newer and better ones. This is a sign of a healthy market economy.Unlike other industries, it is illegal for companies to conspire together in the business world. In contrast, in academia, universities can work with accreditation bureaus to control competition.Creative destruction is necessary for progress in business, but many people outside of this world are resistant to change.

Capitalism Works: Creative Destruction

Can institutions be reformed? The role of a reformer is not a common one in society.Universities operate on outdated systems, but they still function, despite notable issues (like the New York subway.)<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Do most people view institutions as having flaws, yet continue to boast when their child is accepted into a prestigious university like Stanford or UCLA?</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Should we replace the old institutions with new ones or start from scratch?</li></ul>This is a great topic of study, especially in regards to how student loans function.

Reform & Institutions, Universities vs. Business

Chat GPT works well because it’s trained on the entire internet of text:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">The version used today is trained on data up until September 2021.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Most of this data was written by human beings, often under their own names.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">This data could be articles published in magazines, podcast transcripts, academic papers, etc.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">The authenticity of these texts can generally be trusted.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Fake or parody articles are relatively rare.</li></ul>

ChatGPT

AI got better because of larger datasets.Modern facial recognition AIs are trained on billions of photos from the internet.The days of distinguishing “real” vs. “fake” are over. The “genie” of AI text generation is out of the bottle

Input Data Set

AI will make it easier for bad people to do bad things.

How to foster innovation in today’s world?<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">You have to be signed up for the fight.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">It’s a contact sport, these aren’t easy roads.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">The advantage you have as an innovator is that at the end of the day, the truth actually matters.</li></ul>Historically, it’s really hard to find an example of new technology that came into the world and was then pulled back.If innovators feel fulfilled by their close relationships, they won’t need approval from the internet or public opinion.

Innovator Development, Courage, Support

Marc talks about IBM’s system, where most employees were expected to follow rules and procedures meticulously:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">There was a special category of employees known as “wild ducks,” innovators who were allowed to break the rules and create new things.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">They had the freedom to work independently, pull resources from other projects, and have direct access to the CEO.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">In the tech industry, “wild ducks” often get driven out and end up getting funded by venture capitalists.</li></ul>

“Wild Ducks”

People do indeed try to fake having innovative qualities. The amount of this behavior goes along with how the stock market is doing.Testing for innovators:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">To figure out if someone is a true innovator, you need to ask them lots of detailed questions to see how well they really know their stuff and how committed they are.</li><li class="ql-align-justify ql-indent-1">Pretenders often struggle to provide in-depth answers and their knowledge fuzzes out as questions become more detailed.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">True innovators have spent years obsessing over the details of whatever it is they are trying to do and they know so much more about it than you ever will.</li></ul>

Testing for Innovators, Silicon Valley

Becoming innovative often involves making decisions within an unpredictable world. The future is hard to predict, and many variables come into play, like the fog of war. To prepare, innovators imagine different paths and scenarios.<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Unpredictability: A key aspect of innovation</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Pre-Planning: Imagining and preparing for various scenarios</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Pivot: Adjusting and adapting strategies as situations change</li></ul>Great innovators consider their plans as hypotheses - firm but open to testing and modifications through the execution process.

Innovation and Unpredictability

How can small groups defeat larger organizations? Large organizations have more resources but struggle with execution due to excessive overhead and bureaucracy:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Many people need to be consulted and agree on decisions.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Scheduling meetings takes time and delays decision-making and action.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">The internal dynamics are more similar to a nation-state than a company.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">The main competition in large companies is for the next promotion, and the biggest threat is often from within the company itself.</li></ul>

Small Groups vs. Large Organization

Small companies or teams have the advantage of agility:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">They can organize quickly, address issues immediately, and move at a much faster pace.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">However, small teams don’t have the same resources or global coverage.</li></ul>

Agility

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Openness to New Ideas</li><li class="ql-align-justify">High Conscientiousness</li><li class="ql-align-justify">High disagreeableness (ornery, not easily dissuaded)</li><li class="ql-align-justify">High IQ (Ability to synthesize information quickly)</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Possibly Low Neuroticism (Ability to handle stress)</li></ul>Innovators' Traits Are Not Deterministic. They need a combination of traits, make choices in life, and have context.

Common Big 5 Personality Traits of Innovators

The risk of cancelation discourages risk-takers.<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Huberman keeps a secret hand-written file of everything he is afraid to speak about publicly and it’s getting much longer over time.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">He is afraid to put it in electronic form.</li></ul>

How does the current education model prevent innovation?

I censor myself at the level of deleting certain things but I don’t contort what I do talk about.

Quantum Internet solution:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Basically, it secures internet communications by changing the translation or language super fast so it can’t be intercepted.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Not an option now, but could be down the line.</li></ul>

Quantum Internet

The world is a very malleable place if you know what you want and you go for it with maximum energy and drive and passion the world will often reconfigure itself around you much more quickly and easily than you think.

Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come.

Nobody ever shows up at a stock market low.

Religious impulses in our time don’t show up as overtly religious, they show up in a secularized form.

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Congress and journalists have the lowest levels of trust, with scores around 10%.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Gallup polls have tracked trust in institutions since the 1970s.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Trust in many categories of institutions started at around 60-70% but has steadily declined over the past 50 years.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Big business and tech companies maintain higher trust levels.</li></ul>

Trust in institutions over time:

The differences between Google’s and Apple’s approaches to AI:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Google is superior in certain aspects because it can pool data for training AI</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Apple, on the other hand, values privacy and does not pool data.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">All of Apple’s AI has to work locally on devices, while Google’s AI can function in the cloud using pooled data</li></ul>

Apple vs. Google

The most trusted channel would put out a unique public cryptographic key, and any content can be checked against this key to make sure it’s real. Who’s gonna run this?<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Government-run registries could turn into truth ministries, which is bad news.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Company-run registries would be a big target for hackers.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Maybe blockchain technology could do the trick – create a distributed database in the cloud.</li></ul>

Public key cryptography

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Most people who aren’t informed are afraid of AI.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Machines could have better bedside manners than human doctors.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">AI could help patients stick to their physical therapy or nutritional programs.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">The AI could be there all the time, infinitely patient, wise, and loving.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">The ideal scenario would be for both the AI and the human to work together.</li></ul>

AI Positive Benefits, Medicine, Man & Machine Partnership

Marc thinks that the public is more open and forgiving than ever.<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">The elites are leading cancel culture. It is an elite phenomenon disguised as a grassroots movement.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">The public is more forgiving of what previously might have been considered extreme behavior.</li></ul>

Public vs. Elite

Great innovators are establishing neural circuitry that reinforces the self and the process of being oneself.Extrinsic vs. intrinsic motivation:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Steve Jobs emphasized the journey as the reward, an intrinsic motivation.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Competing against oneself and self-improvement are intrinsic motivators.</li></ul>Comparison with successful giants in the same ecosystem encourages higher goals (e.g. Silicon Valley).

Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation

Being in a relationship with an innovator has its challenges:<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Their highly disagreeable traits can cause conflicts.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Their strong work ethic and drive may leave limited time for personal and family life.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">They often require significant independence.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Their need to constantly adapt and change plans may be unsettling for partners seeking stability.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Some may take risks in all aspects of their lives, creating instability.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">If their life becomes too stable, they may feel the need to shake things up.</li></ul>

Innovators & Personal Relationships

Computers modeled after the human brain have been around since 1943, leading to the concept of neural networks.<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">In computer programs, bugs are always the programmer's fault, not the computer's, as computers have no judgment.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">When programming self-driving cars, traditional rules-based approaches won't work.</li></ul>In the last decade, AI technology has significantly improved, particularly in vision recognition. Now, machines are far better at tasks like face recognition compared to humans, which was once thought unlikely.

History of Computers, Neural Networks, and AI

Throughout history, every new technology has been met with a “moral panic”. These panics often led to predictions of doomsday scenarios.Examples of past moral panics: <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">The Satanic panic of the 1980s, concerns about heavy metal music, fears surrounding comic books in the 1950s, and anxieties over jazz music in the 1920s and 30s.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">There was even a moral panic triggered by the arrival of bicycles in the 1860s and claims about health issues, such as “bicycle face”.</li></ul>

Marketing, Moral Panic & New Technology; Politics

Marc and Andrew Huberman talk about the double-edged sword of risk-taking, the capacity to navigate uncertainty, public trust, universities, politics and the regulation of AI.

In this episode, my guest is Marc Andreessen, the legendary software innovator who co-created the internet browser Mosaic, co-founded Netscape, and is now at Andreessen Horowitz — a venture capital firm that finds and brings to life technologies that transform humanity. We discuss what it takes to be a true innovator, including the personality traits required, the role of environment and the support systems needed to bring revolutionary ideas to fruition. We discuss risk-taking as a necessary but potentially hazardous trait, as well as the role of intrinsic motivation and one’s ability to navigate uncertainty. We also discuss artificial intelligence (AI) and Marc’s stance that soon everyone will use AI as their personalized coach and guide for making decisions about their health, relationships, finances and more — all of which he believes will greatly enhance our quality of life. We also delve into nuclear power, gene editing, public trust, universities, politics, and AI regulation. This episode is for those interested in the innovative mind, psychology, human behavior, technology, culture and politics. For the full show notes, including articles, books, and other resources, visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Marc Andreessen (00:03:02) Sponsors: LMNT & Eight Sleep (00:06:05) Personality Traits of an Innovator (00:12:49) Disagreeableness, Social Resistance; Loneliness & Group Think  (00:18:48) Testing for Innovators, Silicon Valley (00:23:18) Unpredictability, Pre-Planning, Pivot (00:28:53) Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation, Social Comparison (00:32:52) Sponsor: AG1 (00:33:49) Innovators & Personal Relationships (00:39:24) Risk Taking, Innovators, “Martyrs to Civilizational Progress” (00:46:16) Cancel Culture, Public vs. Elite (00:53:08) Elites & Institutions, Trust (00:57:38) Sponsor: InsideTracker (00:58:44) Social Media, Shifts in Public vs. Elite  (01:05:45) Reform & Institutions, Universities vs. Business (00:14:14) Traditional Systems, Lysenkoism, Gen X (01:20:56) Alternative University; Great Awakenings; Survivorship Bias  (01:27:25) History of Computers, Neural Network, Artificial Intelligence (AI) (01:35:50) Apple vs. Google, Input Data Set, ChatGPT (01:42:08) Deep Fakes, Registries, Public-Key Cryptography; Quantum Internet (01:46:46) AI Positive Benefits, Medicine, Man & Machine Partnership (01:52:18) AI as Best-Self Coach; AI Modalities (01:59:19) Gene Editing, Precautionary Principle, Nuclear Power (02:05:38) Project Independence, Nuclear Power, Environmentalism (02:12:40) Concerns about AI (02:18:00) Future of AI, Government Policy, Europe, US & China (02:23:47) China Businesses, Politics; Gene Editing  (02:28:38) Marketing, Moral Panic & New Technology; Politics, Podcasts & AI (02:39:03) Innovator Development, Courage, Support  (02:46:36) Small Groups vs. Large Organization, Agility; “Wild Ducks” (02:54:50) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Neural Network Newsletter, Social Media  Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

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Huberman Lab discusses neuroscience: how our brain and its connections with the organs of our body control our perceptions, our behaviors, and our health. We also discuss existing and emerging tools for measuring and changing how our nervous system works. Dr. Andrew Huberman is a tenured professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at Stanford School of Medicine. His laboratory studies neural regeneration, neuroplasticity, and brain states such as stress, focus, fear, and optimal performance. For more than 20 years, Dr. Huberman has consistently published original research findings and review articles in top-level peer-reviewed journals, including Nature, Science, Cell, Neuron, and Current Biology. He is a regular member of several National Institutes of Health review panels and a Fellow of the McKnight Foundation and the Pew Charitable Trusts. Dr. Huberman regularly consults for technology development companies, professional athletic organizations, and various units of U.S. and Canadian Special Operations.

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