Pessimism

Pessimism is a negative mindset that expects unfavorable outcomes. It's like believing that life has no purpose, similar to nihilism. Pessimism takes this further and claims that progress is an illusion- everything is actually getting worse. 19th century philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer, was a well-known pessimist.

Key concepts about pessimism:

• Pessimists tend to focus on the negative aspects of life.
• A common test is the "half empty or half full" glass, where pessimists see it as half empty.
• Pessimism has had an impact on different ways of thinking throughout history.