Biases are hardwired and difficult to change. To change behavior, attention is not paid to countering the problematic thoughts, judgments, or predictions. Instead, it has been directed to changing the behavior in the form of incentives or "nudges."

• Intuitive and automatic: This kind of thinking is quick and feels instinctive. You duck when a ball is thrown at you unexpectedly.
• Reflective and rational: This thinking is deliberate and self-conscious. You use this system when you ha...

Behavioral economists show that when humans make quick decisions under pressure, it is based mostly on intuition. They are unconsciously guided by biases and psychological fallacies.

Japanese train stations use nudge theory.