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Simon I.
@sim_ni93
Rationalist vs empiricist debate
Rationalism characterizes a wide range of philosophical topics.
- How do we know who and what we are? Rationalists claim the self is known through rational intuition, while the empiricist thinks that the unity of the self is illusory.
- What is the nature of cause and effect? Rationalists claim casual links are known through reason. The empiricist replies that it is because of habit that we know, for example, that a fire is hot.
- How do we know which actions are ethically correct? Kant argued that ethical worth could only be understood from a rational perspective. Moral evaluation takes place when rational agents consider their actions under hypothetical conditions.
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David R.
@dav_rr748
Why We All Need Philosophy | Mark Manson
How we perceive philosophy
When most people think of philosophy, they believe philosophers simply argue about arguing. Philosophy is viewed as impractical and irrelevant to current issues.
In...
Defining philosophy
Philosophy is examining our understanding of reality and knowledge. Philosophy consists of three major branches:
- Metaphysics - What is true about existence.
- Epistemology - How we can know that it is true. Epistemology has given us science, logic/reason, economics, psychology, and other theories of knowledge.
- Ethics - What actions we should take as a result of this knowledge. Ethics contains concepts such as democracy, human rights, the treatment of animals, and the environment.
When you order your thoughts into a coherent belief system, you are engaging in philosophy. To criticize philosophy, you must rely on philosophy.
Simon I.
@sim_ni93
Most of the Mind Can’t Tell Fact from Fiction
Fiction and the mind
Stories, fiction included, act as a kind of replacement for life. You can learn information from them very effortlessly. You'll also remember false information without realizing and will find f...
Confusing fiction with reality
When stories are done well, they are like artificial sweeteners - they fool the mind into thinking we're consuming the real thing.
For example, children sometimes really believe that puppets are alive. Even animals sometimes react to pictures as if they are real things.
Emotions influence our perception
The rational part of our mind knows that what we're looking at, or reading, isn't real. However, the perceptual areas of our brains are very closely connected to our emotions.
Emotions force us to interpret the world differently. Research reveals how fear can affect vision, moods can make us more or less susceptible to visual illusions, and desire can change the apparent size of goal-relevant objects.
Bentley X.
@benqxx757
Knowledge vs Wisdom
Knowledge And Wisdom
- Knowledge is the factual information, the awareness, and understanding of a subject. It is basically information about something that comes from learning facts.
The Time Factor
More time means that a person can attain more knowledge, but as knowledge is a passive acquisition of facts and data, having more knowledge does not mean having wisdom.
Wisdom tends to be less affected by time, as it requires additional steps of applying judgement, drawing conclusions and adapting one’s behaviour accordingly.
Application of Knowledge and Wisdom
- Wisdom is related to knowledge, just as practice is related to theory. Wisdom is intrinsic whereas knowledge comes from external sources.
- Application of wisdom requires more than facts and data, like speculations, feelings, moral and ethical values. Applying knowledge is a much simpler and more linear process.
Example: Development of nuclear weapons requires knowledge, but during wartime, using nuclear weapons on a country requires wisdom.
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