Is the tendency to privilege the first information we encounter, even when subsequent information turns out to be more relevant or realistic.

...are common thinking errors that harm our rational decision-making.

It explains why we work harder to achieve our goals when they're most closely in sight: At work, you might notice that you and your coworkers sprint toward a project's finish line once you can see the light at the end of the tunnel.

Is why we get attached to things when we had a hand in creating them. 

We tend to put the least amount of effort possible into problem-solving. 

It describes our tendency to commit to something just because we've already invested resources in it—even if it would be better to give up on it.

• Be skeptical of your own rosy expectations for your work. 
• Assume projects will be more difficult and more expensive than you initially think they will. 
• Don't trust your good ideas to manifest through positive thinking - be ready to fight for them.

Is the tendency to focus on new information that confirms pre-existing beliefs and trivialize anything that might challenge those beliefs. 

Is the tendency to change our thought processes and behaviors more because of negative things than we do because of neutral or positive things.