Psychologically, people believe they can balance out their less favorable actions because of the good they have done in the past; an internalized bargaining system of good and bad decisions.This is why people will tell themselves it’s okay to eat a couple of extra slices of pizza because they went to the gym earlier that day, or their recent frugality licenses them to splurge on a new piece of designer clothing.

Moral Licensing

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

Moral Self-Licensing: Why We Reward Good Behaviour With Indulgence - Loyalty & Reward Co

One suggestion to alleviate our society's misinformation problem is that people should take a stronger personal and civic responsibility to be informed and educate themselves in critical thinking and media literacy. This view puts the primary responsibility for our current informational predicament on individuals. It views them as somehow cognitively deficient. However, this view is mistaken.

A wrong view on how to reduce society's misinformation problem

Citizens should be encouraged to do what they can to prevent disinformation. For example: <ul><li>Staying mindful of the sources of online information</li><li>Pausing to consider the context, bias or the satirical nature of a story before sharing</li><li>Checking the publication date</li><li>Disinformation is effective when repeated often, so try to remain critical of outlandish content that you encounter repeatedly.</li><li>Be aware of cheapfake videos as they create manipulations by conventional editing techniques.</li><li>Reverse image searches can also reveal suspicious sources for specific images.</li></ul>

Encouraging responsibility to prevent disinformation

If we accept that citizens are not primarily causally responsible for our poor information environments, they may still have a remedial responsibility to fix them.However, it is unclear when a person is informed if it will improve information practices. <ul><li>Many people will react defensively to simply being blamed for their ignorance.</li><li>If responsibility could be articulated without blaming citizens, there is no guarantee that citizens would successfully practice their responsibility to be informed.</li></ul>

The responsibility to be informed

The epistemic condition of responsibility states that one can only be held responsible for outcomes that one caused knowingly. For people to cause actions knowingly, they must be aware of what they are doing, the consequences, and alternatives to the action, and that the action is morally significant. Accepting the epistemic condition of responsibility raises a complex philosophical question when applied to the proposed responsibility to be informed. Since awareness and knowledge are necessary for responsibility, how knowingly do people know and share things?

The epistemic condition of responsibility

Leaning away from individual responsibility means that the burden should be shifted to those who have structural control over our information environments. Solutions include placing accountability and responsibility on technology companies, government, regulatory bodies, traditional media and political parties.

Responsibility of those who have structural control

Two arguments support the view that people’s belief-forming and information-sharing behaviour generally does not fulfil the epistemic condition of responsibility. <ol><li>How people treat new claims are based on previous experiences, which are based on previous experiences etc. But this view would indicate that people's behaviour is only based on an involuntary sequence of events.</li><li>People do have some degree of agency. They form ideas from information environments of old and new forms of media, education and cultural institutions and virtual spaces.</li></ol>

Reasons against the epistemic condition of responsibility

As tech giants and algorithms distort the information landscape, what’s left of the individual’s duty to be informed?

artsandculture

Society, Arts & Culture

On the moral responsibility to be an informed citizen | Psyche Ideas

When your self-perception changes in response to a leading question.Example: You call in sick from work, and your boss asks, “How did you get COVID?”

Suggestibility

The overestimation that only bad things will happen.Example: “It can only get worse from here!”

Pessimism Bias

Doing a favor for someone else makes us more likely to do more versus returning a favor they did for us.Example: You didn’t like Brad at first, but after he asked for your advice, you've been looking for more ways to help him.

Ben Franklin Effect

Insisting that real memories are just figments of your imagination.Example: Bill thinks he’s created the perfect slogan, forgetting that he heard it on TV.

The overestimation that only good things will happen.Example: “It can only get better from here!”

We call others out for biases while insisting we have none.Example: “I’m not biased; you are.”

Blind Spot Bias

Believing a random event is more or less likely to happen based on preceding events. Example: The roulette ball landed on black the last four times, so you decide to put everything on red.

Gambler’s Fallacy

We spend inordinate amounts of time and effort on trivial issues while ignoring the ones that matter.Example: The mayor devotes an entire committee to keeping the sidewalk clean but does nothing to help the homeless.

Law of Triviality

We tend to recall interrupted tasks more than completed ones.Example: Despite earning perfect marks in his annual company review, Bill fixates on that one project he dropped the ball on and feels guilty every time he comes to work.

Zeigarnik Effect

Our tendency to see patterns in randomness.Example: “That cloud looks like a rider on horseback.”

Clustering Illusion

Collective beliefs grow stronger the more people parrot them.Example: A study linking vaccines to autism (despite being disproved) compels many to avoid them altogether.

Availability Cascade

We tend to value things more when we have a part in their creation.Example: “Isn’t this a beautiful coffee table? I put it together myself!”

IKEA Effect

We would rather nip small risks in the bud even when another strategy would mitigate overall risk.Example: You opt for that sugar-free soda, not realizing the artificial sweeteners it contains might actually be worse for you.

Zero-Risk Bias

Remembering things differently from how they actually happened.Example: You insist that the Monopoly man has a monocle.

We’re reluctant to pivot from a strategy in which we’ve already invested so much time and energy.Example: You keep watching the movie or reading the book even though it sucks.

Sunk-Cost Fallacy (aka Escalation of Commitment)

The tendency to put our faith in authority figures.Example: “The President said it, so it must be true!”

Authority Bias

We perceive time differently when under stress or trauma.Example: “When the robber pulled a gun on me, everything seemed to stop.”

Tachypsychia

We take comfort in consistency and see any disruption as a burden.Example: Despite being in a toxic relationship, Jack doesn’t want to go through the trouble of breaking up (and going on first dates again).

Status Quo Bias

The tendency to interpret the same information differently depending on context.Example: You perceive wine as better tasting when it’s served in a crystal glass versus a plastic cup.

Framing Effect

We fall back on surface-level beliefs about a group instead of looking at individuals within that group.Example: “That guy with the tie-dye T-shirt must be a pothead.”

Stereotyping

We view our ingroups as diverse and outgroups as all the same.Example: Brad doesn’t own a gun and assumes anyone who does has violent tendencies.

Outgroup Homogeneity Bias

The power of the mind to bring about the desired effect from an ineffective treatment.Example: In a clinical trial, 80% of those who took a sugar pill reported signs of improvement.

Placebo Effect

Focusing on successes and ignoring failures.Example: You assume entrepreneurship is easy because all you see are successful founders in magazines.

Survivorship Bias

We are less likely to intervene in a bad situation when there are more people around.Example: Everyone just watched instead of calling 911 when the bar fight turned ugly.

Bystander Effect

We think nostalgically about the past and see the world going downhill from there.Example: “Back then, we never even thought about locking our doors!”

Declinism

This is the second part of 50 cognitive biases, as tweeted by Elon Musk. These are a must read for understanding human behaviour, including our own.

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

problemsolving

Problem Solving

25 More Cognitive Biases, As Tweeted By Elon Musk

<ul><li>Games are constantly reinvented: the biggest games today like “Fortnite” and “Clash of Clans” run most of their network on the cloud</li><li>True cloud-native games are only playable within the cloud infrastructure</li><li>Benefits: no download time or updates, users can play instantly and on different screens</li><li>But individuals’ local PCs or other devices may limit cloud interactions and simulations</li><li>Combination of live video and games: enables different inputs to impact the simulation environment in real time</li><li>Crowdsourced game playing, like Pokemon and choose-your-own adventures</li></ul>

First-wave cloud-native games will revolutionize gameplay and hyper-personalized storytelling

<ul><li>Arcade system: no need to pay for one whole game and just jump around games</li><li>Shift towards subscription pricing model and free-to-play</li><li>Potential for “YouTube of gaming:” people prefer to process over video than text</li><li>Design playbook: shorten the “time to fun” for instant play</li><li>Comeback of instant IO games, shared through Discord and YouTube</li></ul>

Setting the stage for new business models

<ul><li>AI enables NPCs (non-playable characters) to adopt objectives and behaviors, generating believable script</li><li>Fosters more dynamic, enriching experiences and reactions: players can express themselves more freely</li><li>Second wave of cloud gaming will unlock limitless behavior and immersion game play</li><li>Having AI assistants that can implement building enables developers to spend more time on brainstorming and conception</li><li>Cloud easily updates shared experiences and shared worlds</li><li>Improved client-side processing: less limits on number of players at an instance</li></ul>

Google Stadia unlocks a new level of storytelling and immersion with realistic characters

<ul><li>Accessibility accommodates different ways of play for different moods and desires</li><li>Players can feel included no matter the skill level, time availability, or device</li><li>Video games generates video as it’s consumed, ensuring shareability and interactivity</li><li>Games as the new social platform: in cloud-native gaming worlds, players can be more spontaneous and not have a purpose, similar to socializing in real life</li><li>Vision of Metaverse as a community</li><li>Games as crucial part of pop culture, appealing to all ages and cultures</li><li>Developing requires constant experimentation in a gray box</li></ul>

Cloud gaming opens up full spectrum of interactions, from light to deep connections

Jade Raymond of Google Stadia discusses how cloud gaming will revolutionize play and unlock unprecedented storytelling and socializing in virtual worlds.

Discover the world of business and economics.

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Economics

business

Business

entertainment

Entertainment

The Social Serendipity of Cloud Gaming | Andreessen Horowitz

What we need at this point is to customize a service. When you customise a service you turn it into a memorable experience. So, we're shifting to an experience economy, where experiences are the predominant economic offering. Experiences cannot be inauthentic, because it happens inside of us. Any authenticity is then becoming the new buying criteria for consumers.

The experience economy

When it comes to being what you say you are, companies can make the mistake of advertising what they're not. That is when you are perceived as fake.To be authentic, provide places for people to experience who you are. For example, to know Starbucks, you have to go and experience them. Authenticity can be summed up into three basic rules:<ol><li>Don't say you're authentic if you're not.</li><li>It's easier to be authentic if you don't say you're authentic.</li><li>If you do say you're authentic, you have to be authentic.</li></ol>

How to be authentic

In the agrarian economy, there were commodities - the things you grow or raise or pull out of the ground, basically vegetables, animals, minerals that you then sell on the open marketplace. It's about supply and availability. But the industrial revolution changed that. Then goods became economic offerings, where we used raw materials to manufacture goods. These goods became commoditised. They are treated like a commodity, and people don't care who makes them; they only care about the price.

From the agrarian to the industrial-based economy

No business can supply an authentic experience because all companies use machinery and are involved with money, making them inauthentic. There are two dimensions to authenticity:<ul><li>Be true to yourself, which is self-directed.</li><li>Be other-directed, which means being what you say you are to others.</li></ul> The key to being true to yourself is knowing who you are as a business and what you've done in the past.

Rendering authenticity

The antidote to commoditisation is customisation. The customisation of a good turned it into a service because it was delivered on demand for a particular person. So we moved from an industrial economy to a service-based economy. It's all about improving quality. Over the past 20odd years, services are being commoditised as well. It means that it's time to move to a new level of economic value beyond the goods and the services.

The service-based economy

A collection of 7 Ted talks to inspire you and help you get better at CSM

communication

Communication

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

Top 7 TED Talks On Customer Success

We have moved from a service-based economy into an experience-based economy. Joseph Pine explains what consumers want in this new economy and how you can provide it to them.

http://www.ted.com Customers want to feel what they buy is authentic, but "Mass Customization" author Joseph Pine says selling authenticity is tough because, well, there's no such thing. He talks about a few experiences that may be artificial but make millions anyway.  TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Watch the Top 10 TEDTalks on TED.com, at http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/top10

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Startups

videos

Videos

http://www.ted.com Customers want to feel what they buy is authentic, but "Mass Customization" author Joseph Pine says selling authenticity is tough because, well, there's no such thing. He talks about a few experiences that may be artificial but make millions anyway.

TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Watch the Top 10 TEDTalks on TED.com, at http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/top10

The TED Talks channel features the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and more. You're welcome to link to or embed these videos, forward them to others and share these ideas with people you know.

TED's videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy: https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization/our-policies-terms/ted-talks-usage-policy. For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com

Moral Self-Licensing: Why We Reward Good Behaviour With Indulgence - Loyalty & Reward Co

On the moral responsibility to be an informed citizen | Psyche Ideas

25 More Cognitive Biases, As Tweeted By Elon Musk

It's time to Read like a Pro.

The Social Serendipity of Cloud Gaming | Andreessen Horowitz

It's time to
Read like a Pro.