The Feynman Technique is a method of learning that maximizes your potential and helps you to develop a deep understanding.Richard Feynman was a Nobel prize-winning physicist. He was a front-runner in quantum mechanics and particle physics. His real superpower, however, was his ability to explain complicated subjects to others in simple terms.Feynman understood the difference between understanding something and knowing the name of something. He was never content with just knowing the name of something. He wanted to understand it at a deeper level.

Introduction

The first step is straight forward. Whenever we want to learn something, we study it.Write down all of the things you know about a skill/topic on the piece of paper. Try and break it down into its core components and seek to understand it as a whole.

 1. Study

The person who says he knows what he thinks but cannot express it usually does not know what he thinks.

Once you’ve completely covered the topic, it’s time to teach it to someone else.If you’d rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But the Feynman technique works much better if you use a real person. They’ll be able to give feedback and let you know when something isn’t clear.Ideally, the person you’re teaching will ask questions and probe you, trying to find holes in your knowledge base. This might feel a little uncomfortable, but it’s exactly what you need in order to improve.

2. Teach

Step 2 will uncover some gaps in your knowledge.This step involves going back to studying, reviewing it with an intense focus on these gaps. The aim of step is to remove these weaknesses and turn them into areas of strength.It's like how watching a movie more than once helps you spot more details, look from different perspective and improves your understanding of it.

3. Review/Fill the Gaps

Ideally, you've already made significant progress in your understanding of the desired skill. But you're not done yet. Now you need to simplify the content.This step is quite successful in helping you develop a solid understanding of a topic. It is quite challenging to be able to break through the noise and explain things in a way that even young children with minimal vocabulary can understand. When you try to achieve this, you are forced to truly understand the knowledge or talent as well as understand how all of the different components work together.

4.  Simplify

“If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough.”

Richard Feynman is one of great minds of humanity. His way of looking at things, learning and coming up with profound ideas  is really something to learn.

If you want to learn anything faster, you need to know the Feynman technique. Richard Feynman was famous for his work in theoretical physics, but he also invented and popularized this mind-blowing learning technique. This simple hack will help you learn anything fast. Sources: The Feynman Technique https://www.colorado.edu/artssciences-advising/resource-library/life-skills/the-feynman-technique-in-academic-coaching Note Taking in Class https://law-hawaii.libguides.com/notetaking/feynman How I Used the Feynman Technique to Study https://study.com/blog/how-i-used-the-feynman-technique-to-study-and-got-better-grades.html Learning Effectively with the Feynman Technique https://www.lifehack.org/862931/feynman-technique The Feynman Technique: The Best Way to Learn Anything https://fs.blog/2012/04/feynman-technique/ Chief Editor: Tristan Reed Voice Over: Troy W. Hudson For Troy: www.youtube.com/TroyWHudson Music from Bensound.com

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

strategy

Strategy

education

Learning & Education

problemsolving

Problem Solving

scienceandnature

Science & Nature

If you want to learn anything faster, you need to know the Feynman technique. Richard Feynman was famous for his work in theoretical physics, but he also invented and popularized this mind-blowing learning technique. This simple hack will help you learn anything fast.

Sources:

The Feynman Technique
https://www.colorado.edu/artssciences-advising/resource-library/life-skills/the-feynman-technique-in-academic-coaching

Note Taking in Class
https://law-hawaii.libguides.com/notetaking/feynman

How I Used the Feynman Technique to Study
https://study.com/blog/how-i-used-the-feynman-technique-to-study-and-got-better-grades.html

Learning Effectively with the Feynman Technique
https://www.lifehack.org/862931/feynman-technique

The Feynman Technique: The Best Way to Learn Anything
https://fs.blog/2012/04/feynman-technique/

Chief Editor: Tristan Reed
Voice Over: Troy W. Hudson
For Troy: www.youtube.com/TroyWHudson
Music from Bensound.com

TopThink

The Feynman Technique: How to Learn Anything Faster!

A study was conducted where a large group of fifth graders had to work on numerous puzzles by themselves. these were very challenging puzzles but regardless of how well each child did the were told that they scored very well and better than most of the other kids.Afterwards half of these students were told that they scored high because they worked hard while the other half were told that it was all because they were smart and gifted.

Study- Genius VS Hardwork- Reason for Motivation

Then each student was presented with three more types of puzzles to work on easy, medium, difficult and extremely challenging ones. They found something very interesting, the students who were told that they did well because they were smart spent the majority of their time on the easy puzzles, they spent almost no time on the extremely challenging puzzles and spent much less time overall trying to solve any of the puzzles which was a sign of lower levels of motivation. Also, when asked whether or not they enjoyed the experiment they said that it wasn't that fun for them.

On the other hand the students who were told that they did well because they worked hard spent the majority of their time focused on the harder puzzles they also spent a lot more time overall attempting to solve any of the puzzles which was a sign of an increase in levels of motivation. Also to top it all off after the experiment they said that they actually enjoyed the entire experience.

What we can learn from this study is a concept called the locus of control which is essentially the degree to which you believe you have control over your life.

Locus of Control

The kids who were told that they did well because they were smart were led to believe in what's called an external locus of control they were led to believe that factors outside of what they could control like you can't control whether or not you're born smart.On the other hand the kids were told they did well because they worked hard started to believe in what's called an internal locus of control. They believed that it was factors they controlled that led to their outcomes. Like it was their hard work and the extra effort that they put.

Having an internal locus of control is the key to staying motivated. You must feel like you have control over your life and that you are responsible for the things that happen to you if you want to feel motivated all of the time

Internal Locus is key to motivation

The best way to do so is by simply solving problems in your own life and then taking some time to appreciate the fact that it was your actions that solved this problem.For instance, Let's say you're someone who struggles with falling asleep. So you do some research and find out if you get some more sunlight in the morning, not use phone 1hr before going to bed and install a blue light filter on your phone should drastically increase you to sleep faster when bedtime comes around you. Do all of those things and you find yourself sleeping 15 minutes faster than before.

How to adopt an internal locus of control?

When you notice this improvement you need to say to yourself because of the changes I made because of the effort I put in that I am now able to sleep better.It's that simple build up of belief that you are in control of your destiny, that you have an internal locus of control and you will never have issues with motivation in your life.

Simple and thoughtful concept "The Locus Rule" that will help you build Motivation.

Get 2 Months Free On Skillshare: https://skl.sh/improvementpill5 Join The Mailing List For The Habit Builder Challenge: http://improvementpill.net/programs A lot of people ask me questions about how to stay/be/get motivated. Today I'll tell you about a very interesting study on motivation that will you you a lot of insight on what you actually have to do to pull this off. This is what I like to call The Locus Rule. BeeFriend Course (FREE Social Skills Course): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHfGgOfmbx4&list=PLE_vQWWxgaiHbUFDuNnqxfui3lrE2jjwO&index=1 Tamed Course (FREE Habit Building Course): https://youtu.be/m8JjuyRIxOg

motivationandinspiration

Motivation & Inspiration

habits

Habits

Get 2 Months Free On Skillshare: https://skl.sh/improvementpill5
Join The Mailing List For The Habit Builder Challenge:
http://improvementpill.net/programs

A lot of people ask me questions about how to stay/be/get motivated. Today I'll tell you about a very interesting study on motivation that will you you a lot of insight on what you actually have to do to pull this off. This is what I like to call The Locus Rule.

BeeFriend Course (FREE Social Skills Course):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHfGgOfmbx4&list=PLE_vQWWxgaiHbUFDuNnqxfui3lrE2jjwO&index=1

Tamed Course (FREE Habit Building Course):
https://youtu.be/m8JjuyRIxOg

Taken like a multi-vitamin...but for your mind. 
Improvement Pill is dedicated towards conveying important ideas to those who are willing to change. 
Each video is designed to inspire, motivate, or teach you something that can change your life. 

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Improvement Pill

How To Stay Motivated - The Locus Rule

The principle behind this, made popular by Brian Tracy's book Eat That Frog, is to do the most difficult and unappealing task first thing each day so that you can proceed with the rest of your day knowing that the worst has already passed.The 1st rule of frog eating is: If you have to eat two frogs, eat the ugliest one first.The 2nd rule of frog eating is: If you have to eat a live frog at all, it doesn’t pay to sit and look at it for very long.

He also mentions to develop a "positive addiction" to organize your life such that one is continually starting and completing more important tasks first.In the book he provides 21 ways to stop procrastinating and get more things done in less time.

• Decide exactly what you want.• Write it down. Think on paper and make it tangible.• Set a deadline for the goal, set sub-deadlines if necessary.•List down everything you may need to do to achieve your goal.• Break things down into individual tasks, and arrange them in priority and sequence to form a plan.• Take action immediately. Do something, do anything.• Do something everyday that moves you toward your major goal.

1. Set the table

Use 10/90 Rule which says that the first 10% of time used to plan your work can save you 90% of the execution time once you start.Begin today to plan every day, week, and month in advance. Add to your list as new things come up.

2. Plan everyday in Advance

The Pareto Principle or 80/20 Principle says that 20% of your activities will account for 80% of your results.
Resist the temptation to clear the small tasks first; instead, start your day by asking, “Is this task in the top 20% or bottom 80% of my activities?”
Resist the temptation to clear up small things first.

3. Apply the 80/20 Rule to Everything

Having a clear idea of what is really important to you in the long term makes it much easier for you to make better decisions about your priorities in the short term.There will never be enough time to do everything you have to do. So ask yourself "What’s the most valuable use of my time right now?"

4.  Consider the Consequences

Creative procrastination is the act of thoughtfully and deliberately deciding upon the exact things you are not going to do right now, if ever. Select at least one activity to abandon immediately or at least deliberately put off until your more important goals have been achieved.

5. Practice Creative Procrastination

"A” tasks that are most important: the things that you must do."B” tasks only have minor consequences: things that you should do, but they only have mild consequences.“C” tasks have no consequences: they have no effect at all on your work life.“D” for delegate: the things that you can delegate to someone else.“E” for eliminate: the things you should eliminate altogether.

6. Use the ABCDE Method Continually

A key result area is an activity that is under your control. It produces an output that becomes an input or a contributing factor to the work of others. Identify the key result areas of your work. For example, the key result areas of management are planning, organizing, staffing, delegating, supervising, measuring, and reporting.

7. Focus on Key Result Areas

Identify your three most important goals in each area of your life. Organize them by priority. Make plans for their accomplishment.

8. Apply the Law of Three

Get everything you need at hand before you begin.Your work environment should be clean and neat to feel more positive productive and confident.Brian’s personal rule “Get it 80 percent right and then correct it later.”

9. Prepare Thoroughly Before You Begin

Get your mind off the huge task in front of you and focus on a single action that you can take.
Sometimes all you need to do to get started is to sit down and complete one item on the list

10. Take It One Oil Barrel at a Time

Identify the key skills that can help you the most to achieve better and faster results. Whatever, they are, set a goal, make a plan, and begin developing and increasing your ability in those areas.Continuous learning is the minimum requirement for success in any field.

11. Upgrade Your Key Skills

What is holding you back? What sets the speed at which you achieve your goals? What determines how fast you move from where you are to where you want to go?Make a list of every step in a process and examine every activity to determine exactly what is holding you back.

12. Identify Your Key Constraints

Get into the habit of putting pressure on yourself to complete work independently.Set higher standards for yourself than the standards others set for you.

13. Put the Pressure on Yourself

To keep yourself motivated, you must resolve to become a complete optimist. For that:<ul><li>Look for the good in every situation.</li><li>Seek the valuable lesson in every setback or difficulty.</li><li>Search for the solution to every problem.</li><li>Think and talk continually about the goals.</li></ul>

14 . Motivate Yourself into Action

For you to stay calm, clearheaded, and capable of performing at your best, you need to detach on a regular basis from the technology and communication devices that can overwhelm you if you are not careful.Resist the urge to start turning on communication devices as soon as you wake up in the morning

15. Technology Is a Terrible Master

Use your technological tools to regularly remind yourself of what is most important and protect yourself from what is least important.Resolve to research and install one piece of software or one app that will help you be more efficient and focused.

16. Technology Is a Wonderful Servant

Current research proves that continuously responding emails, calls and texts has a negative effect on your brain, shortening your attention span and making it difficult to complete the task on time.Try to work for a period to complete your task and then reward yourself with a shot a dopamine by checking your notifications.

17. Focus Your Attention

Cut a big task down to size using the “salami slice” method of getting work done.
With the salami slice method, you lay out the task in detail and then resolve to do just one slice of the job for the time being, like eating a roll of salami one slice at a time—or like eating an elephant one bite at a time.

18. Slice and Dice the Task

Think continually of different ways that you can save, schedule, and consolidate large chunks of time.One of the keys to high levels of performance and productivity is to make every minute count. Use travel and transition times to complete small chunks of larger tasks.

19. Create Large Chunks of Time

Resolve today to develop a sense of urgency in everything you do. Select one area where you have a tendency to procrastinate, and make a decision to develop the habit of fast action in that area.

20. Develop a Sense of Urgency

Single handling requires that once you begin, you keep working at the task without diversion or distraction until the job is 100 percent complete.Build self-discipline which Elbert Hubbard defined as “the ability to make yourself do what you should do, when you should do it, whether you feel like it or not.”

21. Single Handle Every Task

"Taking actions without thinking things through is a prime source of problems."“Only engage, and the mind grows heated. Begin it, and the work will be completed.”- Goethe“A journey of a thousand leagues begins with a single step.”- Lao-tzu "Do not wait; the time will never be “just right.” Start where you stand, and work with whatever tools you may have at your command, and better tools will be found as you go along."- Napoleon Hill

Quotes from the book

A round-up of useful sources to refer to when willpower gets low.

books

Books

timemanagement

Time Management

Beat Procrastination

21 ways to STOP PROCRASTINATING and get more things done in less time

The international bestselling guide to managing time and prioritizing tasks—in a fully revised and updated edition featuring 2 new chapters! There's an old saying that if the first thing you do each morning is eat a live frog, you'll have the satisfaction of knowing you're done with the worst thing you'll have to do all day. For Brian Tracy, eating a frog is a metaphor for tackling your most challenging task—but also the one that can have the greatest positive impact on your life. Eat That Frog! shows you how to organize each day so you can zero in on these critical tasks and accomplish them efficiently and effectively. In this fully revised and updated edition, Tracy adds two new chapters. The first explains how you can use technology to remind yourself of what is most important and protect yourself from what is least important. The second offers advice for maintaining focus in our era of constant distractions, electronic and otherwise.

productivity

Productivity

The motivational classic with more than 1.5 million copies sold will help you stop procrastinating and get more of the important things done—today!   There just isn’t enough time for everything on our to-do list—and there never will be. Successful people don’t try to do everything. They learn to focus on the most important tasks and make sure those get done. They eat their frogs.   There’s an old saying that if the first thing you do each morning is eat a live frog, you’ll have the satisfaction of knowing you’re done with the worst thing you’ll have to do all day. For Tracy, eating a frog is a metaphor for tackling your most challenging task—but also the one that can have the greatest positive impact on your life. Eat That Frog—Snapshots shows you how to organize each day so you can zero in on these critical tasks and accomplish them efficiently and effectively.   In this fully redesigned and illustrative edition, Tracy explains how you can use technology to remind yourself of what is most important and protect yourself from what is least important. But one thing remains unchanged: Brian Tracy cuts to the core of what is vital to effective time management: decision, discipline, and determination. This life-changing book will ensure that you get more of your important tasks done—today!

Brian Tracy is Chairman and CEO of Brian Tracy International, a company specializing in the training and development of individuals and organizations.He has consulted for more than 1,000 companies and addressed more than 5,000,000 people in 5,000 talks and seminars throughout the US, Canada and 55 other countries worldwide. As a Keynote speaker and seminar leader, he addresses more than 250,000 people each year.Brian has studied, researched, written and spoken for 30 years in the fields of economics, history, business, philosophy and psychology. He is the top selling author of over 45 books that have been translated into dozens of languages.

Brian Tracy

Eat That Frog

Eat That Frog!

What it takes to be an expert?Which experts have real expertise?In summary, the video asserts that becoming a real expert 10,000 hours of practice (rule of thumb popularized by Malcolm Gladwell) by itself is not sufficient. There are four criteria that must be met. <ol><li>Many repeated attempts</li><li>Validity of environment</li><li>Timely feedback</li><li>Deliberate Practice</li></ol>And in areas where these criteria aren't met, it's impossible to become an expert.

This one goes in hand with the traditional idea of practicing 10000 hours.For instance, tennis players hit hundreds of fore hands in practice. Chess players play thousands of games before they're grand masters and physicists solve thousands of physics problems.

1. Many Repetitions

Certain professionals can't achieve 'expertise' because the work they do is random and has low validity environment.A gambler betting at the roulette wheel  may have thousands of repeated experiences with the same event.  And for each one, they get clear feedback in the form of whether they win or lose, but you would rightfully not consider them an expert because the environment is low validity.Similarly vast majority of stock pickers and active investment managers, do not demonstrate expert performance because stocks are a low validity environment.

2. Valid environment

Growth happens when someone presents a perspective that causes an individual to reevaluate their current position.In particular, feedback is about helping people close the gap between where they currently are with regards to their performance, and where they need to go to achieve their goals.

3. Timely feedback

If you want to keep improving you have to put yourself in challenging situations.In order to get to an expert level, you have to be practicing at the edge of your ability, pushing beyond your comfort zone. You have to use a lot of concentration and methodically repeatedly attempt things you aren't good at.This is where coaches and teachers can play an important role. They can recognize your weaknesses and assign tasks to address them.

4. Deliberate practice 

Do they have extraordinarily high IQs, superior spatial reasoning compared to the average, or better short-term memories? It turns out that chess masters are not particularly exceptional on any of these measures as a whole.Chess experts don't have better memory in general, but they have better memory specifically for chess positions that could occur in a real game.Magnus Carlsen(Chess World Champion) recognizes chess positions the same way we recognize faces. And recognition leads directly to intuition.

What makes experts like
chess masters special?

This can be shown using an experiment carried out with Humans and Rats. There was a red button and a green button that can each light up. 80% of the time, the green button lights up. And 20% of the time the red button lights up, but randomly. So you can never be sure which button will light. And the task for the subject, either rat or human, is to guess beforehand which button will light up by pressing it. For the rat, if they guess right, they get a bit of food. And if they guess wrong, a mild electric shock.

Humans have hard time accepting average results

The rat quickly learns to press only the green button and accept the 80% win percentage. Humans on the other hand, usually press the green button. But once in a while, they try to predict when the red light will go on. And as a result, they guess right only 68% of the time. We have a hard time accepting average results.

To become an expert, you have to practice for thousands of hours in the uncomfortable zone, attempting the things you can't do quite yet.At its core, expertise is recognition. And recognition comes from the incredible amount of highly structured information stored in long-term memory. To build that memory, requires four things: many repetitions, a valid environment, timely feedback, and thousands of hours of deliberate practice.

Conclusion

We often think only practice is required to be an expert but that's not enough to become a true expert and reach at top!

Which experts have real expertise? This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription. Thanks to https://www.chess24.com/ and Chessable for the clip of Magnus. ▀▀▀ Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive psychology, 4(1), 55-81. – https://ve42.co/chess1 Calderwood, R., Klein, G. A., & Crandall, B. W. (1988). Time pressure, skill, and move quality in chess. The American Journal of Psychology, 481-493. – https://ve42.co/chess2 Hogarth, R. M., Lejarraga, T., & Soyer, E. (2015). The two settings of kind and wicked learning environments. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(5), 379-385. – https://ve42.co/Hogarth Ægisdóttir, S., White, M. J., Spengler, P. M., Maugherman, A. S., Anderson, L. A., Cook, R. S., ... & Rush, J. D. (2006). The meta-analysis of clinical judgment project: Fifty-six years of accumulated research on clinical versus statistical prediction. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(3), 341-382. – https://ve42.co/anderson1 Ericsson, K. A. (2015). Acquisition and maintenance of medical expertise: a perspective from the expert-performance approach with deliberate practice. Academic Medicine, 90(11), 1471-1486. – https://ve42.co/anderson2 Goldberg, S. B., Rousmaniere, T., Miller, S. D., Whipple, J., Nielsen, S. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 1. – https://ve42.co/goldberg1 Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363. – https://ve42.co/anderson3 Egan, D. E., & Schwartz, B. J. (1979). Chunking in recall of symbolic drawings. Memory & Cognition, 7(2), 149-158. – https://ve42.co/chunking1 Tetlock, P. E. (2017). Expert political judgment. In Expert Political Judgment. Princeton University Press. – https://ve42.co/Tetlock Melton, R. S. (1952). A comparison of clinical and actuarial methods of prediction with an assessment of the relative accuracy of different clinicians. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota. Meehl, E. P. (1954). Clinical versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. University of Minnesota Press. – https://ve42.co/Meehl1954 Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. – https://ve42.co/Kahneman ▀▀▀ Special thanks to Patreon supporters: RayJ Johnson, Brian Busbee, Jerome Barakos M.D., Amadeo Bee, Julian Lee, Inconcision, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, Avi Yashchin, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Timothy O’Brien, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal ▀▀▀ Written by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev Animation by Ivy Tello and Fabio Albertelli Filmed by Derek Muller and Raquel Nuno Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images Music from Epidemic Sound (https://ve42.co/music) Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang

Which experts have real expertise? This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.

Thanks to https://www.chess24.com/ and Chessable for the clip of Magnus.

▀▀▀
Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive psychology, 4(1), 55-81. – https://ve42.co/chess1

Calderwood, R., Klein, G. A., & Crandall, B. W. (1988). Time pressure, skill, and move quality in chess. The American Journal of Psychology, 481-493. – https://ve42.co/chess2

Hogarth, R. M., Lejarraga, T., & Soyer, E. (2015). The two settings of kind and wicked learning environments. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(5), 379-385. – https://ve42.co/Hogarth

Ægisdóttir, S., White, M. J., Spengler, P. M., Maugherman, A. S., Anderson, L. A., Cook, R. S., ... & Rush, J. D. (2006). The meta-analysis of clinical judgment project: Fifty-six years of accumulated research on clinical versus statistical prediction. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(3), 341-382. – https://ve42.co/anderson1

Ericsson, K. A. (2015). Acquisition and maintenance of medical expertise: a perspective from the expert-performance approach with deliberate practice. Academic Medicine, 90(11), 1471-1486.  – https://ve42.co/anderson2

Goldberg, S. B., Rousmaniere, T., Miller, S. D., Whipple, J., Nielsen, S. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 1. – https://ve42.co/goldberg1

Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363. – https://ve42.co/anderson3

Egan, D. E., & Schwartz, B. J. (1979). Chunking in recall of symbolic drawings. Memory & Cognition, 7(2), 149-158. – https://ve42.co/chunking1

Tetlock, P. E. (2017). Expert political judgment. In Expert Political Judgment. Princeton University Press. – https://ve42.co/Tetlock

Melton, R. S. (1952). A comparison of clinical and actuarial methods of prediction with an assessment of the relative accuracy of different clinicians. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota. 

Meehl, E. P. (1954). Clinical versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. University of Minnesota Press. – https://ve42.co/Meehl1954

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. – https://ve42.co/Kahneman

▀▀▀
Special thanks to Patreon supporters: RayJ Johnson, Brian Busbee, Jerome Barakos M.D., Amadeo Bee, Julian Lee, Inconcision, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, Avi Yashchin, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Timothy O’Brien, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal 

▀▀▀
Written by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev
Animation by Ivy Tello and Fabio Albertelli  
Filmed by Derek Muller and Raquel Nuno
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images
Music from Epidemic Sound (https://ve42.co/music)
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang

An element of truth - videos about science, education, and anything else I find interesting.

Veritasium

The 4 things it takes to be an expert

Carol Dweck studies human motivation. She spends her days diving into why people succeed (or don’t) and what’s within our control to foster success. Her theory of the two mindsets- the fixed mindset and growth mindset and the difference they make in outcomes is incredibly powerful.

Your view of yourself can determine everything. If you believe that your qualities are unchangeable — the fixed mindset — you will want to prove yourself correct over and over rather than learning from your mistakes.

Fixed Mindset

This growth mindset is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can cultivate through your efforts. Changing our beliefs can have a powerful impact. The growth mindset creates a powerful passion for learning.

Growth Mindset

"Talent isn't passed down in genes, its passed down in the mindset."

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">“I can’t do it” Vs “I can’t do it yet”.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Concerned with how you'll be judged Vs Concerned with improving.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Interested on whether the answer is right or wrong Vs Interested in learning what the right answer was.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Avoid challenges Vs Embrace challenges.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Compare themselves with people worse than them Vs Comparing or competing with people with people better than them.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Assigning blame and making excuses Vs Facing failures, dealing it and learning from it.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Immediate Perfection Vs Learning something over time.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">See effort as fruitless or worse Vs See effort as the path to mastery.</li></ul>

Fixed Mindset Vs Growth Mindset

Children with fixed want to make sure they succeed. Smart people should always succeed.But for children with the growth mindset, success is about stretching themselves. It’s about becoming smarter

Children with Fixed and Growth Mindset

One seventh-grade girl summed it up. “I think intelligence is something you have to work for . . . it isn’t just given to you. . . . Most kids, if they’re not sure of an answer, will not raise their hand to answer the question. But what I usually do is raise my hand, because if I’m wrong, then my mistake will be corrected. Or I will raise my hand and say, ‘How would this be solved?’ or ‘I don’t get this. Can you help me?’ Just by doing that I’m increasing my intelligence.”

Some people let bad experiences scar them and prevent them from forming satisfying relationships in the future. Others are able to heal and move on.When people had the fixed mindset, they felt judged and labeled by the rejection.For people with the growth mindset, the number one goal is forgiveness. As one woman said: “I’m no saint, but I knew for my own peace of mind that I had to forgive and forget. He hurt me but I had a whole life waiting for me and I’ll be damned if I was going to live it in the past. One day I just said, ‘Good luck to him and good luck to me.’ ”

Relationships: Mindset in Love

Picture your ideal love relationship. Does it involve perfect compatibility—no disagreements, no compromises, no hard work? In every relationship, issues arise. Try to see them from a growth mindset: Problems can be a vehicle for developing greater understanding and intimacy.Are you shy? Next time you’re venturing into a social situation, think about these things: how social skills are things you can improve and how social interactions are for learning and enjoyment, not judgment. Keep practicing this.

To be good at sports you need not be naturally gifted. To be successful in sports, you need to learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly.“Character” is an important concept in the sports world, and it comes out of a growth mindset.Athletes with a growth mindset find success in learning and improving, not just winning.

Sports: The Mindset of a Champion

Michael Jordan never let a mistake stop him.“I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over. And that is why I succeed.”

Creating a growth-mindset environment in which people can thrive. This involves:<ul><li>Presenting skills as learnable .</li><li>Conveying that the organization values learning and perseverance, not just ready-made genius or talent.</li><li>Giving feedback in a way that promotes learning and future success.</li><li>Presenting managers as resources for learning</li></ul>

Business: Mindset and Leadership

As a parent practice working the process praise with your children. Praise the processes they used—their strategies, effort, or choices.Ask these questions: "What did you learn today?" "What mistakes did you make and does it taught you something?"Fixed mindset teacher create a atmosphere of judging. These teachers look at student's beginning performance and decide who's smart and who's dumb.Great teachers believe in the growth of the intellect and talent, and they are fascinated with the process of learning.

Growth Mindset for Parents, Teachers and Coaches

Fixed mindset coaches are intolerant of mistakes. They motivate players through judgement.For coaches instead of asking for mistake-free games, ask for full commitment and full effort. Instead of judging the players, give them the respect and the coaching they need to develop.

"Even in the growth mindset, failure can be a painful experience, But it doesn't define you. It's a problem to be faced, dealt with, and learned from.""We all need to accept some of our imperfections, especially the ones that don't really harm our lives or the lives of the others.""Stereotype do damage by making people feel they don't belong.""Character is the ability to dig down and find the strength even when things are going against you."

Quotes from the Book

"Your failures and misfortunes don’t threaten other people’s self-esteem. Ego-wise, it’s easy to be sympathetic to someone in need. It’s your assets and your successes that are problems for people who derive their self-esteem from being superior."

Mindset is one of my favourite books. It really changed my view and mindset on a lot of things.

World-renowned Stanford University psychologist Carol Dweck, in decades of research on achievement and success, has discovered a truly groundbreaking idea-the power of our mindset. Dweck explains why it's not just our abilities and talent that bring us success-but whether we approach them with a fixed or growth mindset. She makes clear why praising intelligence and ability doesn't foster self-esteem and lead to accomplishment, but may actually jeopardize success. With the right mindset, we can motivate our kids and help them to raise their grades, as well as reach our own goals-personal and professional. Dweck reveals what all great parents, teachers, CEOs, and athletes already know: how a simple idea about the brain can create a love of learning and a resilience that is the basis of great accomplishment in every area.

From the renowned psychologist who introduced the world to “growth mindset” comes this updated edition of the million-copy bestseller—featuring transformative insights into redefining success, building lifelong resilience, and supercharging self-improvement. “Through clever research studies and engaging writing, Dweck illuminates how our beliefs about our capabilities exert tremendous influence on how we learn and which paths we take in life.”—Bill Gates, GatesNotes “It’s not always the people who start out the smartest who end up the smartest.” After decades of research, world-renowned Stanford University psychologist Carol S. Dweck, Ph.D., discovered a simple but groundbreaking idea: the power of mindset. In this brilliant book, she shows how success in school, work, sports, the arts, and almost every area of human endeavor can be dramatically influenced by how we think about our talents and abilities. People with a fixed mindset—those who believe that abilities are fixed—are less likely to flourish than those with a growth mindset—those who believe that abilities can be developed. Mindset reveals how great parents, teachers, managers, and athletes can put this idea to use to foster outstanding accomplishment. In this edition, Dweck offers new insights into her now famous and broadly embraced concept. She introduces a phenomenon she calls false growth mindset and guides people toward adopting a deeper, truer growth mindset. She also expands the mindset concept beyond the individual, applying it to the cultures of groups and organizations. With the right mindset, you can motivate those you lead, teach, and love—to transform their lives and your own.

Carol S. Dweck, Ph.D., is one of the world’s leading researchers in the field of motivation and is the Lewis and Virginia Eaton Professor of Psychology at Stanford University. Her research has focused on why people succeed and how to foster success. She has held professorships at Columbia and Harvard Universities, has lectured all over the world, and has been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Her scholarly book Self-Theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development was named Book of the Year by the World Education Federation. Her work has been featured in such publications as The New Yorker, Time, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Boston Globe, and she has appeared on Today and 20/20.

Carol S. Dweck

Mindset

“I am one of those who think, like Nobel, that humanity will draw more good than evil from new discoveries.”

“Education is the most powerful weapon 
which you can use to change the world.”
“I learned that courage was not the 
absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not 
feel afraid, but he who conquers that 
fear.”

“Your theory is crazy, but it's not crazy enough to be true.”

“Change will not come if we wait for some other person or some other time. We are the ones we've been waiting for. We are the change that we seek." “If you're walking down the right path and you're willing to keep walking, eventually you'll make progress.”

“We live in a world where unfortunately the distinction between true and false appears to become increasingly blurred by manipulation of facts, by exploitation of uncritical minds, and by the pollution of the language.”

“Discovery consists of looking at the same thing as everyone else and thinking something.”

“What matters in life is not what 
h appens to you but what you remember and how you remember it.”﻿﻿“It is not true that people stop pursuing 
dreams because they grow old, they 
grow old because they stop pursuing 
dreams.”

“I've always wanted to answer all the questions that nature posed for us.”

“It is not time to tell the world leaders to ﻿﻿
realise how important education is - they already know it - their own children are in good schools. Now it is time to call 
them to take action for the rest of the 
world's children.”

“If I could explain it to the average person, it wouldn't have been worth the Nobel Prize.”“I would rather have questions that can’t be answered than answers that can’t be questioned.” “Students should be made to doubt, ﻿﻿to think, ﻿﻿to communicate, ﻿﻿to question, ﻿﻿to learn from their mistakes, and most importantly﻿﻿ have fun in their learning.﻿”﻿

Inspiring to learn from people "who have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind."

mindfulness

Mindfulness

Inspiring Quotes from 10 Nobel Laureates

The following 15 quotes/philosophies are said by Phil Dunphy from the show Modern Family(2009-2020). He as a present to his daughter Haley, gives her a book of advices called Phil's-osophy- a hardbound collections of all the life lessons Phil learned.

About

Ty Burrell who plays Phil Dunphy in one of his interviews said this is his favorite among all the phil's-osophies.

1. Always look people in the eye, even if they are blind. Just say “I´m looking you in the eye”.

Claire's reaction is a treat to watch. What's humiliating to Claire isn't necessarily humiliating to Phil.

2. If you get pulled over for speeding, tell the police officer your spouse has diarrhea.

Julia Child was a famous chef, author, and television personality. She made French cuisine accessible to American audiences and had a large impact on American households and housewives. There is a hilarious SNL skit on her named "The French Chef", you can check that out.

3. You only get one chance at a first impression. I suggest Julia Child because it's easy to do. 'Save the giblets.' 

This one is really touching and inspiring!

4. The most amazing things that can happen to a human being will happen to you if you just lower your expectations.

This way of life characterizes Phil Dunphy. Playing with words is something he enjoys doing. William Hurt has been in movies like Into The Wild, A History of Violence, Broadcast News, some Marvel movies and much more.

5. Dance until your feet hurt, sing until your lungs hurt, act until you´re William Hurt.

This advise is funny but also depressing. Haley was making a new start and attending a school where she knew no one. She is accustomed to being the popular girl with lot of friends and boyfriends, but in college, she had to start from scratch.

6. Take a lesson from parakeets: if you are feeling lonely just eat in front of a mirror.

Another piece of wisdom that is humorous because of the world play .Also note that whenever Phil thinks of a new invention(crazy ones mostly) or word, he adds the ™ at the end.

7. Never Be Afraid To Reach For The Stars, Because Even If You Fall, You'll Always Be Wearing A Parentchute™.

Seeing as how Claire is both beautiful and disappointed regularly, Phil adopted his own philosophy. It's funny to see Claire's reaction to this.

8. Marry someone who looks sexy while disappointed.

I really didn't get the idea behind this one. May be in the show he had a thing for black ladies or it is just a fact. Feel free to comment about this quote.

9. Older black ladies make the best ice tea.

“Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration,” said by Thomas Edison. Hence, the last line of this advise got me:).

10. Success is 1% inspiration, 98%  perspiration and 2% attention to detail.

Gloria didn't look impressed after reading this Phil's advice. It is is self-explanatory, which is why it's hilarious.

11. You can tell a lot about a person from his biography.

Loved the show Modern Family and this is one of my favorite part from the show. So, wanted to share it.

The Feynman Technique: How to Learn Anything Faster!

How To Stay Motivated - The Locus Rule

Eat That Frog!

The 4 things it takes to be an expert

Mindset

Shahid Ansari