<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Addiction is common problem; now with smartphones, a new addiction has emerged . So it’s necessary to know how this problem arises.</li></ul>

Some Of The Theories Explaining Substance Addiction 

The activity in this pathway is influenced by many naturally occurring neurotransmitter produced by the brain itself in response to natural highs such (eating your favourite food, sex, outdoor activities). Drugs and other addictive behaviour such as gambling hijacks this pathway and slowly the person doesn’t feel natural highs as rewarding and the addictive substance becomes predominant in life.

Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathways

Sometimes the Prefrontal Cortex doesn’t work as it should to control that impulsive behaviour. Impulsive behaviour can be described as any behaviour that is performed without thinking the future consequences.

Prefrontal Cortex And Impulse control 

Once compulsion/habit develops towards addictive habit/substance then neural pathways are formed that are pretty resistant and doesn’t let a person forgets that behaviour. The behaviour and the learning becomes ingrained and is immune to punishment. That’s why there is repeated drug use despite adverse consequences.

Consequences Of Repeated Exposure To An Addictive Substance 

It’s important as to know what causes addiction and why it’s now called as a disease as there are certain changes in brain itself. It’s important to remove the stigma and help people 

50th Anniversary Edition The cornerstone text in the field for 50 years, Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry has consistently kept pace with the rapid growth of research and knowledge in neural science, as well as biological and psychological science. This two-volume Tenth Edition shares the expertise of over 600 renowned contributors who cover the full range of psychiatry and mental health, including neural science, genetics, neuropsychiatry, psychopharmacology, and other key areas. It remains the gold standard of reference for all those who work with the mentally ill, including psychiatrists and other physicians, psychologists, psychiatric social workers, psychiatric nurses, and other mental health professionals.

Understand yourself and those around you.

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Virginia A. Sadock

Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry

Narcissistic and paranoid people, especially your known ones, will suck you in their delusional system and before you know it you will be a part of a never ending battle. And the funny thing is that during the course of that battle, you will loose the essence of what you are fighting about. You will loose the sight of why you stood up to them in the first place. Tell them straightforwardly to hold off and mind their own business and before there is any escalation, move out of their delusional system. They will project their delusional thoughts on to you & make you realise that you are at fault

Stay Away From These “High Conflict Personalities”

Highly prone conflict & combative type of personalities are around everyone and they may even be a family member. Sometimes the realisation often comes late. 

Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry

Narcissistic & paranoid people

Dr Gaurav M