Consider something simple like taking out the trash. When the trash is empty, there's no Value to taking it out, so you have low motivation to do it. When the trash is full there's more Value, and you can reasonably Expect you'll be able to do it, but you might get distracted by the Internet (Impulsiveness) and still not do it. It might not be until the trash is overflowing and has flys around it (very high Value to taking it out) that you can finally overcome your Impulsiveness to do it.

<a href="http://lesswrong.com/lw/3w3/how_to_beat_procrastination/">LessWrong </a>gives us a more helpful equation: As they describe it, your motivation is a function of your Expectancy (how likely you think you are to accomplish the goal) multiplied by the Value of the goal to you, divided by the product of your Impulsiveness (how distractible you are) and the Delay (how far off the result seems).

The problem with this philosophy is that while it's good for creating more urgency and lowering your Delay if you fail to get it done in your tight deadline, you might decrease your Expectancy in the process. The Planning Fallacy Philosophy : The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning_fallacy">Planning Fallacy </a>philosophy says that you should set longer deadlines than you expect you'll need since we're terrible at predicting how long projects will take us. According to Kahneman and Tversky, <a href="http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2013/01/Exploring-the-Planning-Fallacy_Why-People-Underestimate-Their-Task-Completion-Times.pdf">only 48% of students </a>completed projects in a time estimate based on "everything going as poorly as it possibly could." Given this data, it seems we should double or quadruple our estimated time of completion to get an accurate view.

"Of all the things that can boost emotions, motivation, and perceptions during a workday, the single most important is making progress in meaningful work . And the more frequently people experience that sense of progress, the more likely they are to be creatively productive in the long run. Whether they are trying to solve a major scientific mystery or simply produce a high-quality product or service, everyday progress- even a small win-can make all the difference in how they feel and perform ." (emphasis mine)

To make it more effective, though, assign a date to complete it by . "Finish the first three exercises" isn't particularly urgent, but "finish the first three exercises by Friday" is. There are two competing philosophies for how to best do this: The Parkinson's Law Philosophy : The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%27s_law">Parkinson's Law </a>philosophy says that you should set an artificially short deadline so you don't waste time dilly-dallying on unimportant things. It says that by giving yourself a smaller window to complete the task in, <a href="https://www.nateliason.com/parkinsons-law-isnt-just-about-time/">you'll be more likely to get it done efficiently </a>, since "work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion."

"We act as though comfort and luxury were the chief requirements of life, when all that we need to make us happy is something to be enthusiastic about." - Einstein Stop me if you've heard this one before. Ryan has decided to learn Spanish.

The Motivation Machine: How to Get & Stay Motivated for Any Goal - Nat Eliason

Gufran Mozahir