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Stoicism is a school of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy">Hellenistic philosophy </a>founded by <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium">Zeno of Citium </a>in Athens in the early 3rd century BC. It is a philosophy of personal <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaimonia">eudaemonic </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue_ethics">virtue ethics </a>informed by its system of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic">logic </a>and its views on the natural world, asserting that the practice of virtue is both necessary and sufficient to achieve <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaimonia">eudaimonia </a>—flourishing by means of living an <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics">ethical </a>life. The Stoics identified the path to eudaimonia with a life spent practicing the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_virtues">cardinal virtues </a>and living in accordance with nature.

Introduction

Many Stoics—such as <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger">Seneca </a>and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epictetus">Epictetus </a>—emphasized that because "virtue is sufficient for <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_happiness">happiness </a>", a <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_(philosophy)">sage </a>would be emotionally resilient to misfortune. This belief is similar to the meaning of the phrase "stoic calm", though the phrase does not include the traditional Stoic view that only a <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_(philosophy)">sage </a>can be considered truly free and that all moral corruptions are equally vicious.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism#cite_note-Stoicism-3">[3] </a>

Believes.

The Stoics are especially known for teaching that "<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue">virtue </a>is the only good" for human beings, and those external things—such as health, wealth, and pleasure—are not good nor bad in themselves (<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiaphora">adiaphora </a> ) but have value as "material for virtue to act upon." Alongside <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics">Aristotelian ethics </a>, the Stoic tradition forms one of the major founding approaches to <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue_ethics">virtue ethics </a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism#cite_note-1">[1] </a> The Stoics also held that certain destructive emotions resulted from errors of judgment, and they believed people should aim to maintain a will (called <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohairesis">prohairesis </a> ) that is "in accordance with <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_(philosophy)">nature </a>".

Nature.

The word "stoic" commonly refers to someone who is indifferent to pain, pleasure, grief, or joy.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism#cite_note-8">[8] </a> The modern usage as a "person who represses feelings or endures patiently" was first cited in 1579 as a <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun">noun </a>and in 1596 as an <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective">adjective </a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism#cite_note-9">[9] </a> In contrast to the term "<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanism">Epicurean </a>", the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ' s entry on Stoicism notes, "the sense of the English adjective 'stoical' is not utterly misleading with regard to its philosophical origins".<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism#cite_note-10">[10] </a>

Stoicism - Wikipedia

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