Why do people living in metro cities keep having small ailments every few weeks?Body aches, sinus, headaches, throat infections, a variety of stomach issues, joint pain, backache, skin allergy, fatigue. Even stuff like chronic sinus, stress-related disorders or Type 2 Diabetes.Familiar?

Leave the City Now

As someone who has lived in major metros for 30 years, I think I can answer this question.These things are responsible:

Feels like our bodies are mildly under attack!

This is due to living in an air conditioned environment most of the day(and night). It deprives us of the natural temperature flux our bodies expect. Plus it circulates and recycles stale air lacking in beneficial negative ions found in abundance outdoors.Even those who go for a jog or walk in the morning end up clogging their lungs with polluted air.Metro air pollution from cars, industry, and high population density can irritate lungs and accumulate over decades as there is nowhere for the air to escape and there aren’t enough trees to filter the air.

1. Lack of fresh oxygen, no natural air

This goes for people living in high rises who only go out for work and partying/shopping. Rest all is taken care of by DoorDash.I have a special, personal problem with people living on floors so high that they can’t even take the stairs and the lift becomes their lifeline. I can’t sleep hundreds of feet away from the ground! It feels like I’m on a jet plane stuck in the sky. There is constant anxiety being at such a height inside a man-made structure. Blood pressure is not normal being away from the ground.

2. No grounding on earth for days or even weeks

Constant proximity with wi-fi, 5G and bluetooth signals day and night.

3. EMF rays all around

Trees absorb body radiation, but if we live in concrete buildings all day we can't help it.

4. Lack of nature around us

Outside food, sugary drinks, snacks like Maggi etc. 98 percent of processed food has sugar, salt, refined flour, palm oil and other seed oils. These all are bad for the body.

5. Eating processed foods

Pasteurized, homogenized, chemicalized dairy consumed all the time. The most common thing we heard from the Doctor's mouth was IBS(irritable bowel syndrome), before heart attacks became fashionable.

6. Bad milk

7. Visiting candy stores disguised as coffee shops!

Also on the bad food list are pizzas, burgers and pasta. Most of us have it regularly.

8. Consuming a whole lot of bakery products like bread and pastries

If we have 2 phones, one laptop, one iPad and also include the car dashboard screen, the total screen time exceeds 10 hours a day. If we add the LED TV screen, well, I don’t know.

9. Screen time is more than 5 hours a day

Sleeping late(while watching Netflix or Instagram Reels or being on Twitter/X). Getting up groggy in the morning. The circadian rhythm disruptions and early alarms leave us chronically sleep deprived.

10. Unnatural sleep patterns

Something that almost everyone does in north India and across the world.

11. Eating after sunset

Yes, it's a myth that a little alcohol is good for you.

12. Alcohol in any quantity

Too much dependence on artificial lighting in home/office/malls. And for all of the educated idiots out there, it’s not just about Vitamin D. That was something you learned in school, and keep repeating to sound intellectual. The sun has a whole lot of other benefits.

13. Lack of sunlight 

Many cities have outdated water infrastructure, exposing us to more contaminants in tap water. RO water is acidic. The newer alkaline models are just trying too hard to fool us. The best water is the natural sweet water from underground, but no one told you that so you won’t believe it. Stick to plastic bottles of commercial water, with those microplastics going inside your stomach!

14. Bad water

The fast pace and pressure of big cities keep our fight-or-flight response engaged, leading to inflammation and burnout over time. Relaxation is then artificially inserted in the body using stuff like alcohol.

15. Constant Stress

The constant sirens, honking, and loud music subject us to draining sensory overload. We have to use heavy-duty noise-canceling headphones/earphones to handle that.Not many can afford it and they carry their own problems like radiation and a slow-fry of our brains. Not many can use it all the time too.

16. All that Noise

There are too many people around us all the time, and it gives another level of uneasiness, even if we are stuck in our cars in a heavy traffic jam. Ironically in the crowds of cities, many feel disconnected and unrooted. This is because of the superficial and/or hostile people around us.

17. Crowded places with lonely people

A constant fear lurks due to all the crime around us, leading to stress that builds up over time. Everything is locked, and CCTV footage is crucial.

18. Fear of crime

We talk of mental health nowadays because it is heavily promoted by the media, but even if we leave that current fad, the problem is still there. Any other points that I am missing here? What can we do about this? Not everyone can leave the city and go to the village!

The cover of Mental Health

The big list on how cities are killing you.

food

Food

motivationandinspiration

Motivation & Inspiration

education

Learning & Education

mentalhealth

Mental Health

problemsolving

Problem Solving

Leave The City Now

<ul><li>1628 English physician William Harvey discovers the circulation of blood. Shortly afterward, the earliest known blood transfusion is attempted.</li><li>1665 The first recorded successful blood transfusion occurs in England: Physician Richard Lower keeps dogs alive by transfusion of blood from other dogs.</li><li>1667 Jean-Baptiste Denis in France and Richard Lower in England separately report successful transfusions from lambs to humans. Within 10 years, transfusing the blood of animals to humans becomes prohibited by law because of reactions.</li></ul>

Transfusion Medicine: The 1600s

1818 James Blundell, a British obstetrician, performs the first successful transfusion of human blood to a patient for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Using the patient's husband as a donor, he extracts approximately four ounces of blood from the husband's arm and, using a syringe, successfully transfuses the wife.Between 1825 and 1830, he performs 10 transfusions, five of which prove beneficial to his patients, and publishes these results. He also devises various instruments for performing transfusions and proposed rational indications.

Blood Transfusion: The 1800s

1980 With the growth of component therapy, products for coagulation disorders, and plasma exchange for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, hospital and community blood banks enter the era of transfusion medicine, in which doctors trained specifically in blood transfusion actively participate in patient care.

Transfusion History: 20th Century

2014 FDA approves first U.S. pathogen inactivation systems for platelets and plasma.2017 FDA approves first two chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies to treat cancer.2018 FDA grants emergency use authorization (EUA) enabling U.S. military to use freeze-dried plasma to treat hemorrhage in combat settings.

The Current Update In Transfusion History

history

History

health

Health

leadershipandmanagement

Leadership & Management

Highlights of Transfusion Medicine History

Nearly every problem is easier if someone shows you how to solve it first.Direct Instruction (DI), is an instructional method developed by Siegfried Engelmann and others. DI starts by breaking complex skills into atomic components and carefully illustrates these components with examples before giving students lots of practice on those pieces. When students fail to learn, DI assumes the problem is usually with the lesson, not the student.

Examples First: The Power of Direct Instruction

The intuition behind solving problems first is also self-evident: how can you learn to solve problems yourself if you are always told exactly how?Activation of prior knowledge. If you already have some knowledge of how to solve a problem, directly trying to solve it will force you to try to retrieve that knowledge.  Conceptual understanding. Seeing a problem first may make it easier to understand the conditions where the solution applies. Motivation and engagement. Students may tune out if they only study worked examples. It’s impossible to solve a problem without cognitive engagement

Problems First: Failure Being Productive

It’s abundantly clear that both practice and instruction are necessary for effective learning. Advocates of Direct Instruction make ample room for practice after seeing examples. Studies that support a problem-first approach still require that the student is eventually shown the correct answer.Thus, we can immediately rule out extremes. Pure discovery learning, where students are never shown instructions or examples, fails miserably.Regardless of the optimal procedure—either see an example, then do practice, or attempt a solution, then see the example—both ingredients are necessary.

The Contest Winner: Finding The Right Side

Early on, struggle may help you get a sense of the problem, but you’re unlikely to arrive at the best answer spontaneously. In that case, difficulty can become undesirable. Even if you can figure out how to solve a problem, you may still benefit from seeing an example. Work in cognitive load theory suggests that studying the “correct” example is beneficial because it helps you learn the general pattern for solving that type of problem.Later, as the material gets more manageable and you become more comfortable with it, there are increasing benefits to learning by problem solving.

Designing Your Practice Loop

There are two distinct points of difficulty in learning:Failures of instruction. When instruction is omitted or insufficient, students struggle.Failures of initiative. Without active engagement by the student, lessons may be wasted.For learning to happen, there must be a sufficient supply of knowledge to make successfully acquiring skills possible. At the same time, if there’s no demand to use that knowledge learning is often superficial.

Learning: Supply and Demand

Problems of knowledge demand come when you consume information and never use it. Collecting cookbooks instead of making meals. Buying a phrase book rather than speaking a language. Watching videos on YouTube instead of doing the real thing.The best thing you can do to improve your learning is to have all three ingredients: instruction, practice, and feedback. If you’re lacking one of these, ask yourself how you might seek it out and structure it into your efforts to get better. Only when you have access to all three does it make sense to fine-tune the sequence.

The Bottom Line

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Career

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

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Parenting

Do You Learn More by Struggling on Hard Problems? - Scott H Young

Most of us know that money isn’t the key to happiness.<ul><li>But how do you reach true happiness? </li><li>How do you build just enough wealth to stay happy? </li></ul>These are two different things.Money can help you enjoy a more luxurious lifestyle. But it’s not the same as happiness. It’s not the same as being truly fulfilled.Wealth has a lot to do with our social connections, sense of meaning and purpose, and opportunities to grow as human beings but it’s not enough for a meaningful, fulfilling, and happy life.

Of Happiness And Wealth

You can be wealthy and happy at the same time, but that requires a healthy dose of wisdom to understand the many factors that make life worth living outside of wealth.If you want to be happy, wealthy, and fulfilled in life, you need to understand and follow the basic principles of positive psychology — not just the principles of economics.

Not Just Economics

It’s senseless to have money as your goal as money has no intrinsic value — its value comes from what it can buy, and it can’t buy everything. It’s smarter to start with what you really want, which are your real goals, and then work back to what you need to attain them.

Wanting Money For Money's Sake

To build a meaningful and happy life, you can start from what makes you miserable and work your way up. Get to the bottom of your misery and do more of what brings out the best in you.<ul><li>Spend more time with the people who make you come alive. </li><li>Pursue things you deeply care about: work or projects that guarantee flow.</li></ul>Flow: a mental state in which a person performing some activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and enjoyment in the process of the activity.

Wealth Is People And Freedom

“The more money you have, the happier you’ll be” is flawed logic.It’s also incredibly naive. Wealthy people, in particular, tend to be very focused on their possessions, which means they often have a very skewed view of the world.They can’t say their wealth entirely makes them happy. Many wealthy people are miserable.

The Impact of Money On Our Happiness

<ul><li> If you ask researchers from Princeton University who studied the impact of income on happiness, they will tell you that you need to earn at least $75,000 a year to be happy.</li><li>If you ask the average person in the street, the consensus is that you need to have a house, a car, and a reliable phone signal to be happy.</li><li>The consensus is that you need to have friends and family who love you and value your company to be happy.</li></ul>

Happiness Is Subjective

You also need to have a passion for your work to be happy — if you don’t find fulfilment at work, find something outside work that fills the happiness gap (a creative project or activity you enjoy or that relaxes you can help you find flow or creative pleasure).<ul><li>The pursuit of meaningful work, happiness, and wealth is deeply personal. What makes you happy may not guarantee life satisfaction for another.</li><li>Some people value family, others friends, and others work. Some prioritize their faith, others their hobbies, and others their personal development.</li></ul>

The Pursuit Of Happiness

Happiness is within everyone’s grasp: if only we can get back to basics and focus on our real and practical values and goals.Remember that most people are happiest when they are improving and doing the things that suit them naturally and help them advance.We frequently worry about where our next paycheck is going to come from. However, for many people, finances aren’t the top priority in their lives. That doesn’t mean that you can’t work hard and have a happy life.If you have a positive outlook on life, you can make friends and find happiness in even difficult situations.

Getting Happier Is Within Reach

The real tragedy of the poor is the poverty of their aspirations.

<ul><li>Your happiness doesn’t depend solely on how much you accumulate. It helps but to a certain extent.</li><li> We need enough to cover our basic needs, and a rising salary can impact our wellbeing, but we also need to remember the positive effects of generosity and building relationships.</li><li>Find your income bar and commit to other things, activities, and experiences that bring out the best in you.</li></ul>

Poverty causes misery. Wealth isn’t the key to happiness. More money doesn’t equal more happiness. So what exactly makes life worth living? How happy are those who have more money than others? And…

moneyandinvestments

Money & Investments

The Psychology of Wealth And Happiness: Lessons From Adam Smith And Ray Dalio

People who are isolated, separate, or distant from each other can find a way to connect through music because when they're discussing their musical preferences, or they're playing music together, they're expressing parts of their personalities.Music may be a powerful way to communicate and connect across cultural, geographic and socioeconomic borders

Music Connects

<a href="https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/understanding-the-big-five-personality-traits">The "Big Five" personality traits</a> are not as popular as self-assessment tools like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, but the model is king in research psychology. Unlike the Myers-Briggs, the Big Five have remained <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18028073/">relatively stable during adulthood</a> and correlate to key <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1908430116">life outcomes</a>.

The Big Five

People who score high in extraversion tend to be social, friendly and energetic. The researchers found that extraverts prefer contemporary music with electronic, upbeat and danceable characteristics. These adjectives describe top hits and party music. You’re more likely to find extraverts dancing to Dua Lipa or Bad Bunny at the club, than sitting at home with a cup of tea and a Vivaldi sonata.

Extraversion

Open people seek new experiences and novel ideas excite them. The trait is associated with creativity and adventurousness. The researchers found that people who scored highly on this trait preferred sophisticated music that featured complex and cerebral attributes. These characteristics describe instrumental genres such as jazz or world music.

Openness To Experience

Conscientiousness is one of the most studied traits of the Big Five because it is correlated with an individual’s <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1908430116">professional</a> and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886907001249">academic</a> success. The trait measures a person’s ability to set, work toward and accomplish goals. Researchers found a positive correlation between conscientiousness and unpretentious music — the type sung in coffee houses, blues bars and Americana joints across America. Conscientious people also had an aversion to intense music on average. So, it might be difficult to find a valedictorian in a mosh pit at a hardcore show.

Conscientiousness

This trait attempts to measure a person’s capacity for trust and compassion towards others. The researchers found that agreeable people often preferred mellow music. While one genre can’t define this descriptor, you’ll know it when you hear it. Think of classic neo-soul artists like Erykah Badu or D’Angelo. Or jam bands like the Grateful Dead and Dave Matthews, if that’s more your flavour.

Agreeableness

Neuroticism is a controversial trait. It measures a person’s tendency towards negativity, anxiety and depression. Unlike traits in other models, this measure is undesirable. If you score highly on it, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5428182/">you are likely to have a more difficult life</a>. Of course, many successful and famous people are highly neurotic — take Kurt Cobain, Franz Kafka or Woody Allen. Researchers had a hard time pinning down the musical preferences of neurotic individuals, though. They found that this trait preferred both mellow and intense types of music.

Neuroticism

While the study gathered responses from 53 countries, it was not a representative sample. The study skewed towards Americans and evaluated musical preferences from a Western perspective.Even so, people in all six continents responded to the study and Greenberg could draw some conclusions about international trends. In equatorial regions, the relationship was stronger between extraversion and contemporary music.

Consistency Across Cultures and Countries

Music preferences transcend international borders, but not personality.

communication

Communication

timemanagement

Time Management

music

Music

Does Your Personality Define What Kind of Music You Like?

Today, your success and opportunities are determined by what you know.In an information economy, the ability to search/find, analyze, evaluate, deal, deal with, absorb, learn, learn from, manage, share and leverage useful information is strategically valuable.Content curation is a natural solution to a natural phenomenon: resource abundance.

Why Curation Of Information Is Crucial

<ul><li>Unless someone verifies, organizes and curates an information resource, it has little value because it is disconnected from other relevant resources in the same information space</li><li>Curation provides context to any information item, value and a specific perspective and story to look at and appreciate.</li><li>Any information resource gains greater value and usefulness when curated.</li><li>Curation is not finite, definitive, static, or complete. Rather curation promotes and invites questioning, participation, contributions, improvements, and revisions in a never-ending process.</li></ul>

Adding Context And Facilitating Dialogue

<ul><li>When there is a lot of something, our natural, spontaneous instinct is to organize it, group it and separate the wheat from the chaff.</li><li>Curation helps you save time by providing easy and organized access to information and resources otherwise difficult to find and verify.</li><li>To curate effectively you must be driven by more than just compensation.</li><li>You need to dive and immerse yourself completely into a subject to be a subject matter expert or to become one.</li></ul>

Curation is Naturally Implied Intelligence

<ul><li>Helps people understand and learn better any subject.</li><li>Guides interested individuals to discover and learn about a subject in greater depth by gathering and contextualizing the best information available on it.</li><li>Save people time by bringing right into focus key stories, resources, information and tools that have already been vetted, sorted and organized by subject-matter experts.</li><li>Facilitates discovery of new, rare to find, unknown valuable resources that could otherwise go unnoticed, especially if the information published is public and non-commercial.</li></ul>

Key Benefits of Curation

Curation promotes a critical thinking attitude and a more comprehensive-holistic-organic view on any subject, instead of the simplistic black / white, true / false perspective adopted in most situations today.It puts the human individual back in the driver's seat, electing him/her as the preferred guide to discover, investigate, and learn any subject, not by way of referring, passing on, or refining what reported by others but by actually questioning, vetting, gathering diverse voices and viewpoints into a cohesive whole.

The true purpose, motivation and rewards behind searching, collecting, adding value and sharing great collections of information. Whether you realize it or not, the fact that we are living in the age…

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Marketing & Sales

Why To Curate Information

What is it about a creative work such as a painting or piece of music that elicits our awe and admiration? Is it the thrill of being shown something new, something different, something the artist saw that we did not?The idea that some people see more possibilities than others is central to the concept of creativity.

Extraordinary Vision

Others have seen what is and asked why. I have seen what could be and asked why not.

Psychologists often measure creativity using divergent thinking tasks. These require you to generate as many uses as possible for mundane objects, such as a brick. People who can see numerous and diverse uses for a brick (say, a coffin for a Barbie doll funeral diorama) are rated as more creative than people who can only think of a few common uses (say, for building a wall).

Divergent Thinking

The aspect of our personality that appears to drive our creativity is called openness to experience, or openness. Among the <a href="http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2008-11667-004">five major personality traits</a>, it is openness that best predicts <a href="http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1987-28199-001">performance on divergent thinking tasks</a>. Openness also predicts <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487993">real-world creative achievements</a>, as well as engagement in <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656609001317">everyday creative pursuits</a>.The creativity of open people stems from a “drive for cognitive exploration of one’s inner and outer worlds”.

Open To The World, Open To Life

In our research, <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656617300338">published in the Journal of Research in Personality</a>, we found that open people don’t just bring a different perspective to things, they genuinely see things differently to the average individual.Our findings suggest that the creative tendencies of open people extend all the way down to basic visual perception. Open people may have fundamentally different visual experiences to the average person.

Creative Vision

Another well-known perceptual phenomenon is called <a href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Inattentional_blindness">inattentional blindness</a>. People experience this when they are so focused on one thing that they completely fail to see something else right before their eyes.In a <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/p281059">famous illustration</a> of this perceptual glitch, participants were asked to watch a short video of people tossing a basketball to one another, and to track the total number of passes between the players wearing white. Most people who watched the video were too focused on the tracking of passes, failing to see a gorilla enter the basketball court. Open people are more likely to see it.

Seeing Things Others Miss

It might seem as if open people have been dealt a better hand than the rest of us. But can people with uncreative personalities broaden their limited vistas, and would this be a good thing?There is mounting evidence that personality is malleable, and increases in openness have been observed in cognitive training interventions and studies of the effects of psilocybin (the psychedelic compound in magic mushrooms).Openness also increases for <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23773042">students who choose to study overseas</a>, confirming the idea that travel broadens the mind.

Opening Our Minds

There is also a dark side to the “permeability of consciousness” that characterises open people. Openness has been linked to aspects of mental illness, such as proneness to hallucination.So despite its appeal, there may be a slippery slope between seeing more and seeing things that are not there.So, from different personalities emerge different experiences, but we should always remember that one person’s view is not necessarily better than another’s.

The Dark Side

How we see the world depends on certain aspects of our personality.

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

creativity

Creativity

People with creative personalities really do see the world differently

Ignoring stop words (like “and”) and significant words that aren’t really meaningful to us (like “good”), the top five words were “data,” “Python,” “Git,” “test,” and “Java.” (And you can see most of the words from those top two questions in the top 15 or 20 words.)What can we learn from this? Data continues to be one of the most important topics for our users.

The Learning Platform Data Analysis

Words about cryptocurrency (“Bitcoin,” “Ethereum,” “crypto,” “cryptocurrency,” “NFT”) are further down on the list, though still in the top 20%. That’s not surprising. Elsewhere, we’ll see that the use of content about these topics is rising sharply, but usage still isn’t large.  The fact that these terms are appearing in significant numbers is certainly important.

The New Entrants

Security was frequently in the news in 2021, and for the worst possible reasons. A wave of ransomware attacks crippled important infrastructure, hospitals, and many other businesses, both large and small. Supply chain attacks, in which an attacker places a payload in software that’s delivered to its victim through normal distribution channels, occurred in both open source and commercial software.  We saw large increases in content about specific topics within security. Usage of content about ransomware has almost tripled (270% increase).

The Growing Importance Of Security

Software architecture, Kubernetes, and microservices were the three topics with the greatest usage for 2021. Their year-over-year growth is also very healthy (19%, 15%, and 13%, respectively). It only looks small when compared with the growth of topics like <a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/api/what-does-an-api-gateway-do">API gateway</a> (218%). That kind of growth reflects the “law” we’ve observed throughout this report: it’s easy for a small topic to have large growth numbers but much more difficult for a topic that’s already dominant. API gateway content gets roughly 1/250 as many units viewed as content on architecture or Kubernetes does.

Software Development

Quantum computing remains a topic of interest. Units viewed is still small, but year-over-year growth is 39%. That’s not bad for a technology that, honestly, hasn’t been invented yet. Although some primitive quantum computers are available now, computers that can do real work are still several years away. (<a href="https://research.ibm.com/blog/ibm-quantum-roadmap">IBM’s roadmap</a> has 1,000-physical-qubit computers coming in two years, though the best estimate is that we’ll need 1,000 physical qubits to create one <a href="https://singularityhub.com/2021/07/19/google-gets-one-step-closer-to-error-corrected-quantum-computing/">error-corrected qubit</a>.) But when those computers arrive, there will clearly be people ready to program them.

Quantum Computing

The programming languages Go and Rust continue to grow. Usage of content about Go is up 23% since last year, and Rust is up 31%. This growth continues a trend that we noticed last year, when Go was up 16% and Rust was up 94%.   Both Rust and Go are here to stay. Rust reflects significantly new ways of thinking about memory management and concurrency. And in addition to providing a clean and relatively simple model for concurrency, Go represents a turn from languages that have become increasingly complex with every new release.

Programming Languages

Our data about the cloud and cloud providers tells an interesting story. It’s clear that Amazon Web Services’ competition is on the rise. Usage of content about Microsoft Azure is up 32% and Google Cloud is up 54%, while the usage of AWS-related content has declined by 3%. Actual usage of content about Azure almost matches AWS, while Google Cloud is farther behind, although that may reflect the quantity of material available.Usage of content about hybrid clouds and multiclouds is still small, but growing very fast (145% and 240%, respectively).

Learning About the Cloud

The core technologies for web programming have been very stable over the last two years. Usage of content about core components HTML, CSS, and JavaScript is almost unchanged (up 1%, up 2%, and down 3%, respectively). If Java and Python are table stakes for enterprise and data developers, so much more so are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for frontend developers. They’re the foundational technologies for the web. If you’re not fluent with them, you’re not part of the conversation.

Stable as the Web

Among the newer frameworks and meta frameworks, Svelte seems to be thriving (up 71%, though from a very low starting point), while interest in Vue and Next.js seems to be fading (down 13% and 13%). Svelte may become a challenger to the more widely used frameworks in a few years if this keeps up. There was surprisingly little interest in Jamstack. That may be because the term rarely appears in the title of books or training, though searches for the term “Jamstack” were also infrequent.

Meta Frameworks

Usage of content with “machine learning” in the title is flat year-over-year (down 1%, which is noise). Usage of content with “ML” in the title is up 35%. We don’t expect another AI winter—AI is too solidly entrenched in online business practices, and in ways that aren’t as visible as social media recommendations; you’ll never know (or care) whether the company that makes your espresso machine is using machine learning to optimize the manufacturing process and manage inventory, but if they aren’t now, they will be.

AI, Machine Learning(ML), and Data

Natural language processing has been very much in the news. As was the case for machine learning, usage of content with “natural language processing” in the title hasn’t changed much (up 3%); the abbreviation “NLP” is up 7%. Again, we can look at some of the new techniques that have made the news. The platform had no content on Transformers, BERT, or GPT back in 2020. All three are now coming onto the map. Similarly, there’s currently no content on <a href="https://copilot.github.com/">GitHub Copilot</a>, which uses the GPT-3 model to translate comments into working code, but we expect it to be a strong performer in 2022.

Natural Language Processing

You can’t talk about machine learning without talking about data and databases. It’s no surprise that, when we look at content usage, Oracle is leading the pack. It’s also no surprise that Oracle’s growth is slow (5%); as we often observe, rapid growth is most often associated with smaller, newer topics. Usage of content about the open source MySQL database (now owned by Oracle) is roughly 1/4 as high and has grown substantially (22%).

Databases

We saw substantial increases in the use of titles with the words “observability” (up 124%), “container” (137%), “CI/CD” (109%), “monitoring” (up 36%), and “testing” (16%). A 36% increase for monitoring is very healthy, but the much larger increase for observability shows that this concept is winning people’s hearts and minds. Observability ultimately boils down to the ability to find the information you need to analyze a system’s behaviour, while monitoring refers to logging and watching certain pre-configured parameters that indicate the system’s health.

Operations, DevOps, and SRE

We’ve also seen increases in content about the tools used to deploy software. Git is up 44%, Kubernetes is up 15%, Docker is up 5%, and Terraform is up 6%. Kubernetes led all topics in this category in units viewed. Furthermore, the two most popular Kubernetes certifications, Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD) and Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA), were up 24% and 13%, respectively.Three tools are sharply down: Chef, Puppet, and Ansible (27%, 38%, and 20%).

Software Deployment Tools

Whether it’s the future of finance or history’s biggest <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/23/bitcoin-a-gimmick-and-resembles-a-ponzi-scheme-black-swan-author-.html">Ponzi scheme</a>, use of content about cryptocurrency is up 271%, with content about the cryptocurrencies Bitcoin and Ethereum (ether) up 166% and 185% respectively. General content about blockchains is up 78%, and from a much higher starting point (reflecting the fact that our audience has more developers than speculators). <a href="https://www.hyperledger.org/">Hyperledger</a>, a collection of blockchain technologies that targets enterprise markets, is up 66%. Our data doesn’t tell you whether to buy bitcoin or ether, but it does show a huge increase in interest.

Cryptocurrency and Blockchain

Web3 is a collection of ideas about a “next generation” web that’s designed so that it can’t be dominated by a small number of gigantic platforms, like Facebook and Google. Web3 proponents typically mix decentralized protocols like the InterPlanetary File System (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System">IPFS</a>) with blockchains and NFTs to make content immutable and ownable. As with NFTs, no content in our platform has “Web3” in the title. But we’ve seen a 343% increase in the number of searches for the term—again, from a small starting point.

Web3

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