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Cytokines are small proteins that are produced by various cells in the body, including immune cells, and play an important role in the immune response. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including inflammation and the regulation of cell growth and differentiation.
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Research has shown that cytokines can also affect emotions, particularly negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, and fatigue. This is because cytokines can cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with various regions of the brain, including those that are involved in mood regulation.
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When the body is exposed to an infection or injury, immune cells release cytokines as part of the immune response. This can lead to feelings of fatigue, malaise, and other symptoms that are commonly associated with sickness behavior. These symptoms are thought to be a way for the body to conserve energy and redirect resources to fighting the infection or repairing the injury.
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However, chronic or excessive production of cytokines can have negative effects on mental health. For example, high levels of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with symptoms of depression, while high levels of the cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) have been linked to anxiety and fatigue.
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In addition, some psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder have been associated with alterations in cytokine levels, suggesting that cytokines may play a role in the development and progression of these disorders.
Overall, cytokines can have a significant impact on emotions, particularly negative emotions, and may play a role in the development and progression of mental health disorders.
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IDEAS CURATED BY
Dr. Jeff Conner, Doctor of Physical Therapy Health and Performance Consulting
CURATOR'S NOTE
Understanding stress physiology and pathophysiology.
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