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Empiricism
Empiricism champions experiential knowledge, prioritizing perceptions gleaned through the five senses over innate ideas. This idea evolved into various strands such as Phenomenalism, Positivism, Scientism, and Logical Positivism, each refining the core principle in distinct ways.
Simple Justification:
Proposition 1: Everything we know comes from what we see, hear, feel, taste, and smell.
Proposition 2: Not everyone believes the same things naturally from birth.
Conclusion: Relying on what we experience through our senses, rather than ideas we're born with, makes sense for understanding the world.
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Rationalism
Rationalism argues that knowledge isn't gained through experience but through innate ideas or logical reasoning. This idea influences the creation of foundationalism, intuitionism, and trancendental idealism.
Simple Justification:
Proposition 1: We're born with some knowledge already in our minds.
Proposition 2: We can figure out more by using our brains to think things through, not just by experiencing them.
Conclusion: Rationalism makes sense because it shows that our thinking and innate ideas are important for learning, not just what we see or feel.
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