Project-based learning is flexible

Project-based learning is first a curriculum planning tool. Game-based learning, learning simulations, place-based education, self-directed learning, etc., can all be inserted in project-based learning.

The success of PBL lies in the idea itself - the purpose or audience of the project. Anything from open-ended, play-based learning to data-driven, research-based instructional environments can use PBL effectively.