How to calculate return on investment (ROI)

Return on investment (ROI) is a way to measure an investment's performance. It also can be used to compare different investments.

• ROI calculation applies to not just trading or investment, but any kind of business or purchase. 
• Calculating an estimated ROI base...

Divide EPS by share price to get Initial rate of return (initial rate of return is the minimum return that you can expect from a stock)

Divide the EPS of the particular stock by the long term government bond interest rate

If you've bought crypto, HODLed, and sold it later, your tax liability should be fairly easy to calculate. Let's look at a simplified, US-based example. 

Here's the formula:

• Fair market value - Cost basis = Capital gain / Loss
• The...