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A philosopher active around 500 BCE, that wrote a book; this gives us a direct path to his thoughts. He felt that wisdom should be earned, he wrote obscurely, so much so that his book was challenging to read.
He developed a cosmology. His cosmos has no beginning or end and is fundamentally made of fire. This fire can transform to become water, earth, and air. It is always in flux but keeps the elements in proportion. This constant change was the way of everything and was needed to keep the world stable.
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He was a pioneer of the reductio ad absurdum argument. Aristotle credited him with co-inventing the dialectic method of philosophy.
He is best remembered for his paradoxes
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Diogenes founded the Cynical school of philosophy, a school dedicated to simple living and virtue. Advocating a simple, disciplined, self-sufficient life, Diogenes lived in a large jar and owned nothing but a cloak and staff. He begged for food and avoided luxuries like the p...
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He was one of the most influential pre-Socratic thinkers.
Parmenides argued that change was an illusion based on our faulty image of reality. He explained that nothing could be created or destroyed and everything was really “one being." That is, all substan...
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The founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, Zeno was heavily influenced by the Cynics.
Initially a wealthy merchant, he became interested in philosophy during a trip to Athens and grew to be a highly regarded teacher.
Stoicism is a philosophy dedicated to ...
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French writer and philosopher Denis Diderot once acquired a beautiful scarlet dressing gown. So he got rid of his old gown and admired the new one. But now the rest of his possessions felt old, so he went on a buying spree to replace his old possessions with more extravagant options, eventually l...
As the fire dwindled, my eyes closed in half-dreaming. I was warm, and the ground beneath me was soft with mossad fallen leaves.
‘I have no objection to Patroclus as your companion.’
My body felt hollow in its relief, as if a storm had gone through.
‘Do not let what you ...
1.Mindset: You should work on your mindset. But the billionaire acknowledged that the mindset is actually only one of four interior empires which require constant attention and personal improvement!
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