For us, the integration of Pulumi with Webiny consisted of three steps: <ol><li>figure out how to integrate Pulumi’s programming model with Webiny </li><li>integrate Pulumi CLI into Webiny CLI </li><li>figure out the optimal way of handling cloud infrastructure state files </li> </ol>

Integrating Pulumi with Webiny

Finally, to protect our users from accidental deletions of mission-critical cloud infrastructure resources, we’ve used Pulumi’s protectThe protect option marks a resource as protected. A protected resource cannot be deleted directly. Instead, you must first set protect: false and run pulumi up. Then you can delete the resource by removing the line of code or by running pulumi destroy.The default is to inherit this value from the parent resource and false for resources without a parent.this feature is automatically enabled for resources like DynamoDB tables , Cognito User Pools and similar.

Protect Feature

Another useful feature is the automatic tagging of the deployed cloud infrastructure resources. In other words, every taggable cloud infrastructure resource will be tagged with <code>WbyProjectName </code>and <code>WbyEnvironment </code>tags. For developers, this makes it much easier to see all of the deployed resources within their Webiny project. We created a <code>tagResources </code>function, which essentially registers a global stack transformation via <a href="https://www.pulumi.com/docs/reference/pkg/nodejs/pulumi/pulumi/runtime/#registerStackTransformation"><code>pulumi.runtime.registerStackTransformation </code> </a>function to achieve this.

Automatic Tagging of Cloud Infrastructure Resources

The last piece of the puzzle was storing cloud infrastructure state files. Here we went with the following approach.For local development, users’ cloud infrastructure state files are stored locally within their Webiny project using the Local Filesystem Backend , which we’ve seen worked great for developers.On the other hand, for ephemeral environments spawned in CI/CD or long-lived environments like staging or production, through our documentation , we advise our users to use centralized and remote storage by using backends like Amazon S3 and even Pulumi Service (pulumi.com)

Cloud Infrastructure State Files

Once we realized Serverless Components wasn’t an ideal solution for Webiny, we started looking for an alternative.The key features that we were looking for were the following:<ul><li>open-source</li><li>use code (preferably TypeScript) to create cloud infrastructure resources</li><li>cloud infrastructure code should be flexible, meaning, users should be able to make adjustments to it</li><li>support for multiple cloud providers is a must</li><li>no vendor lock-in</li></ul>

Discovering Pulumi

Vendor lock-in was introduced at a later stage of the Serverless Components product development. Essentially, to deploy a component, the user is now forced to use a proprietary service that comes with it. And while, among other things, the service enables much faster deployments, from our perspective, we saw this as an additional point of friction for our users. Ideally, users should be able to set up Webiny with only an AWS account.

3. Vendor Lock-In

Furthermore, if we opened each of these pulumi folders, we’d see different cloud infrastructure resources clearly defined via multiple TypeScript classes. As a simple example, if we were to open the apps/admin/pulumi (Admin Area) folder, we’d find the following three files:<ul><li>app.ts - deploys an Amazon S3 bucket that hosts the Admin Area (React) application</li><li>cloudfront.ts - deploys an Amazon CloudFront distribution for improved availability</li><li>index.ts - the Pulumi entrypoint file, imports classes defined within separate files</li></ul>

In terms of project organization , every Webiny project consists of two key concepts: packages and project applications (or just applications).As an example, a default Webiny project includes three project applications:<ul><li>API - essentially, represents your GraphQL HTTP API</li><li>Admin Area - the Admin Area (React) application</li><li>Website - the public website, a (React) application with static site generation (SSG) in the cloud</li></ul>

Integrating Pulumi’s Programming Model With Webiny

At Webiny, we believe <a href="https://www.pulumi.com/cloud-engineering/">cloud engineering </a>and infrastructure-as-code is the future, so, naturally, we wanted our users to use familiar code (ideally TypeScript) and development tools to define their cloud infrastructure. Within Serverless Components, the components are configured via YAML files, of which we were never really big fans, simply because of the fact that writing code instead of configurations gives more flexibility to developers.

2. Using YAML Instead of Code

As mentioned, by default, every Webiny project comes with three project applications: API, Admin Area, and Website, which are located in the api , apps/admin , and apps/website folders, respectively:As we can see, every project application follows the same general organization. The two folders in each project are:<ul><li>code - contains application code (one or more packages)</li><li>pulumi - contains cloud infrastructure (Pulumi) code</li></ul>

Show Me the Code

While the idea around components for different use-cases certainly sounded interesting, ultimately, it was not ideal for Webiny. We frequently received questions regarding further component configuration and customization, which was not easy to perform.“How do I configure a different database?”, “How do I set a VPC?”, “How do I set up a specific configuration parameter for my S3 bucket?” were just some of the questions we received.

1. Hard to Customize

<ul><li>different options when it comes to storing cloud infrastructure state files: a managed SaaS (<a href="https://app.pulumi.com/signin">pulumi.com </a>) with a console and self-hosted, (for example <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/s3/">Amazon S3 </a>) </li><li>ability to deploy cloud infrastructure into multiple environments using its concept of <a href="https://www.pulumi.com/docs/intro/concepts/stack/">stacks </a> </li><li>great documentation </li><li>a vibrant community of developers and a responsive team behind the product </li> </ul>

when it comes to active development, we don’t have to unleash the full potential of the cloud, like we’re doing in staging and production environments.For example, it probably makes no sense to deploy an Amazon ElasticSearch cluster into multiple availability zones (AZs) in most cases. A single AZ is enough for development purposes.Another good example are VPCs and potentially NAT Gateways.What is even more interesting is the fact that this can be achieved with a simple if statement, which we placed in the index.ts.

API  Project Application - Different  dev  and  prod  Stacks

Once we understood how to use Pulumi concepts with Webiny’s project organization, the next step was integrating the Pulumi CLI with the Webiny CLI .For starters, we didn’t want our users to install the Pulumi CLI manually. We wanted it to happen automatically.We’ve created our version of the Pulumi SDK , which lets us use the Pulumi CLI more programmatically. all of the necessary Pulumi CLI binaries and plugins are downloaded and stored inside the project’s node_modules folder.

Pulumi CLI and Webiny CLI

Building a serverless framework certainly has its challenges. One of which is the deployment of cloud infrastructure, which, in the world of serverless, is one of the fundamental operations developers need to do, even while the application is still in development.Before the version 5 release , Webiny relied on an infrastructure provisioning technology called Serverless Components (not to be confused with Serverless Framework ).

Building the Framework - The Challenge

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