Reciprocation in the workplace

Organizational psychologist Adam Grant lays out three key reciprocation styles found in the workplace:

• Takers see the world as a hypercompetitive rat race. Since they assume that no one else will look out for them, they place their own interests first and last. 
• Matchers operate tit for tat. When people do them a favor, they repay in a capacity that is no more, no less. And when they help someone, they expect the same in return.
• Givers focus on others more than on themselves. They pay close attention to what people need from them, whether it’s time or ideas or mentorship. A rarity in the workplace.