Common Ways Excluders Function

Excluders disadvantage women’s employment opportunities, perpetuating inequality in various ways:

Disadvantage in hiring and promotions: The bias that can negatively affect an individual applicant’s hiring or promotion success comes in two forms: Direct bias caused by a hiring manager’s bias affecting their own decision, or indirect bias caused by channelling the bias of another.

Work-family policies: Comments like those of the board member above inform a company’s work-family policies, their use, and reactions to their use throughout the company via top-down influence and behaviour.