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Formal Fallacies

Formal Fallacies

Logical fallacies can be broadly divided into two categories: formal and informal fallacies. Formal fallacies are statements that are flawed because the structure of the statement itself is flawed. For example, the non-sequitur fallacy, the type of fallacy where the conclusion does not logically follow the premise, is a formal fallacy. Take a look at this example of the non-sequitur fallacy:

If a food is cold, then it is a dessert. Salad is cold. Therefore, salad is a dessert. 

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Red Herring Fallacy

Red Herring Fallacy

The red herring fallacy, one of the many logical fallacies you might encounter in essays, speeches, opinion pieces, and even casual conversations, is an attempt to reroute a discussion from its original topic and focus on something unrelated. 

 Logical fallacies are so perv...

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Uses And Purpose Of The Red Herring Fallacy

Uses And Purpose Of The Red Herring Fallacy

A red herring is a misleading statement, question, or argument meant to redirect a conversation away from its original topic. 

The purpose of a red herring is to distract the reader or listener from the actual issue being discussed in a conversation or piece of writing. This isn’t always fo...

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Wide Usage Of Red Herring

People use red herrings in nearly every kind of communication.

These include the following:

  • Persuasive essays
  • Argumentative essays
  • Debates
  • Speeches
  • Conversations
  • Storytelling
  • Emails
  • Blog posts

Sometimes, speaker...

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Areas Of Usage For Red Herring

Areas Of Usage For Red Herring

In a debate, a participant might use a red herring to avoid discussing a topic for which they don’t have a well-developed position or if their position could make them look bad to the audience and media. 

Similar to a politician using a red herring in a debate, an individual might use a red...

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Informal Fallacies

Informal Fallacies

Informal fallacies are statements that are flawed because they lack a logically grounded premise. Rather than the statement being structurally unsound, the content presented in the statement doesn’t logically fit into its structure. 

Here’s an example of a red herring statement using the sa...

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Red Herrings in Philosophy and Pedagogy

Red Herrings in Philosophy and Pedagogy

In philosophy, red herrings function similarly to how they work in arguments and debates. The difference here is that they might be intentionally employed as a way to drive readers to think critically about a new argument. In pedagogy, such as in law school settings, red herrings might be worked ...

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Fallacies

A fallacy is the use of faulty reasoning in an argument.

There are formal and informal fallacies:

  • A formal fallacy describes a flaw in the construction of a deductive argument.
  • An informal fallacy describes an error in reasoning.

A false premise

... is a faulty assumption that becomes the basis of an argument and makes it logically unsound. For example, all birds can fly. Penguins can't fly. Therefore, penguins aren't birds. The premise that all birds can fly is false since some birds can't fly.

A...

Deductive reasoning: From theory to confirmation

Deductive reasoning starts from established facts, then applies logical steps to reach a conclusion. For example, "Bachelors are unmarried men. Jack is unmarried. Therefore, Jack is a bachelor."

Limitations:

  • If the premise or ...

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