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Amelia W.
@ame_dww82
The influenza pandemic of 1918
It is often referred to incorrectly as the “Spanish flu.” Between 50 and 100 million people are thought to have died, representing as much as 5% of the world’s population. Half a billion people were infected.
Misconceptions about it may be fueling unfounded fears about the new virus.
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Lauren W.
@lau_w51
Pandemics That Changed History: Timeline
Spreading of diseases
Transmissible diseases existed during humankind’s hunter-gatherer days, but the shift to agrarian life 10,000 years ago created communities that made epidemics more possible.
We started build...
430 B.C.: Plague of Athens
The earliest recorded pandemic happened during the Peloponnesian War. It passed through Libya, Ethiopia, and Egypt, and it reached Athens as the Spartans laid siege. Two-thirds of the population died.
The disease, suspected to have been typhoid fever, weakened the Athenians significantly and played a big role in their defeat by the Spartans.
165 A.D.: The Antonine Plague
It may have been an early appearance of smallpox that began with the Huns.
The Huns then infected the Germans, who passed it to the Romans and then returning troops spread it throughout the Roman empire. This plague continued until about 180 A.D., claiming Emperor Marcus Aurelius as one of its victims.
Evangeline E.
@evafe55
The 10 deadliest epidemics throughout history
The Third Cholera Pandemic (1852-1860)
Cholera is a bacterial infection and is mainly contracted through food and water.
The largest cholera outbreak originated in India and spread beyond its borders, killing about 23 000 people ...
The Asian Flu Pandemic (1957)
The Asian Flu Pandemic was an outbreak of avian influenza that started in China and spread worldwide.
The estimated death rate was one to two million people.
Typhus fever in World War 1 (1945)
Typhus fever is spread by lice. The war brought on poor sanitation that probably led to a higher density of lice and made the transmission more prevalent.
Typhus fever caused three million deaths in Russia alone.
Evangeline E.
@evafe55
When Does an Epidemic Become a Pandemic?
Epidemic vs. pandemic
An epidemic is a broad term used to describe any problem that is actively spreading and has grown out of control.
The pandemic rel...
Disease Event Classification
Epidemiology is the branch of medicine that handles the following:
- Incidence: the occurrence of a disease over a specified period.
- Prevalence: how many people are affected within a population.
- Control of diseases: an appropriate public health response.
Two measurable factors mostly define the level of disease occurrence:
- The pattern and speed by which a disease moves.
- The size of the susceptible population.
The terms an epidemiologist use
- Sporadic refers to a disease that occurs infrequently or irregularly.
- Cluster refers to a disease that occurs in larger numbers even though the actual number or cause may be uncertain.
- Endemic refers to the constant presence and/or general prevalence of a disease in a geographic population.
- Hyperendemic refers to persistent, high levels of disease well above what is seen in other populations.
- Epidemic refers to a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected.
- Outbreak is the same as an epidemic but is often used to describe a more limited geographic event.
- Pandemic refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people.
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