The rational soul is what distinguishes humans, and it is through reason that we align ourselves with the universe.

The Stoic philosophy emphasizes that we cannot control external events, only our responses to them.

Living a simple life, free from unnecessary desires, is a cornerstone of Stoic practice.

Emotions are the product of false judgments; to achieve tranquility, one must correct these errors of thought

Marcus Aurelius, a Roman Emperor and Stoic philosopher, exemplified the application of Stoic principles in governance and daily life.

Epictetus taught that external circumstances are beyond our control, but we can control our attitudes and actions

Seneca’s writings on Stoicism highlight the importance of mindfulness and self-reflection in achieving a tranquil mind.

True freedom is achieved by mastering one’s desires and fears, thereby achieving inner peace.

The Stoics advocate for cosmopolitanism, recognizing all humans as part of a single, rational community.

The Stoics believed that we must live according to nature, understanding and embracing our place in the cosmos.

The Stoic sage is indifferent to pain and pleasure, focusing instead on maintaining a virtuous character.

Virtue is the only good and vice the only evil, with everything else being indifferent.

Stoicism teaches us that happiness is found in accepting the present moment and not in external possessions or status.

Wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance are the cardinal virtues that guide a Stoic’s life.

Stoics practice premeditatio malorum, the anticipation of potential misfortunes, to build resilience.

Discover the timeless wisdom of "The Stoics" by F.H. Sandbach, where ancient teachings on virtue, reason, and tranquility offer profound insights for modern living.

'Not only one of the best but also the most comprehensive treatment of Stoicism written this century.' -""Times Literary Supplement "" Stoic philosophy had a profound effect on thought and conduct in the ancient world, and has continued to influence philosophers and thinkers from the Renaissance to the present day. Professor Sandbach, in this brilliant and original study, presents the main outlines of the system, concentrating in particular on the ethical teaching, historically the most important facet of the Stoic philosophy. The author traces the changes in doctrine and emphasis through the centuries, gives an account of individual thinkers and writers and describes the role played by adherents of the Stoic faith in contemporary society. The Stoics will be welcomed both by classicists and philosophers as well as by the general reader, as a lucid exposition of an important philosophy. ""Will prove lucid for the uninitiated and stimulating for the specialist.' -""Classical Review ""

THE STOICS

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